Amakuru - Isubiramo rya Metamaterial Transmission Line Antenna

I. Intangiriro
Metamaterial irashobora gusobanurwa neza nkibikoresho byakozwe muburyo bwo gukora ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya electromagnetique bitabaho bisanzwe. Metamaterials ifite uruhushya rutari ruto hamwe nuburyo bworoshye byitwa metamaterials ibumoso (LHMs). LHMs yizwe cyane mubumenyi bwa siyanse nubuhanga. Mu 2003, LHMs yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'ibintu icumi bya mbere byagezweho mu bumenyi bw'iki gihe n'ikinyamakuru Science. Porogaramu nshya, ibitekerezo, nibikoresho byateguwe mugukoresha ibintu byihariye bya LHMs. Uburyo bwo kohereza (TL) nuburyo bwiza bwo gushushanya bushobora no gusesengura amahame ya LHMs. Ugereranije na TL gakondo, ikintu cyingenzi kiranga TLs metamaterial ni ukugenzura ibipimo bya TL (gukwirakwiza guhoraho) hamwe nimbogamizi ziranga. Igenzurwa ryibipimo bya TL bitanga ibitekerezo bishya byo gushushanya antenne yubunini bunini, imikorere ihanitse, nibikorwa bishya. Igishushanyo 1 (a), (b), na (c) byerekana uburyo bwumuzunguruko utagira igihombo cyumurongo wogutambutsa iburyo (PRH), umurongo utambitse wibumoso (PLH), hamwe numurongo wohereza ibumoso-iburyo. CRLH). Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1 (a), PRH TL ihwanye nicyitegererezo cyumuzunguruko mubisanzwe ni ihuriro ryuruhererekane rwimikorere hamwe nubushobozi bwa shunt. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1 (b), moderi yumuzunguruko ya PLH TL ni ihuriro ryimikorere ya shunt hamwe nubushobozi bwurukurikirane. Mubikorwa bifatika, ntibishoboka gushyira mubikorwa umuzenguruko wa PLH. Ibi biterwa na parasitike ya parasitike idashobora kwirindwa hamwe ningaruka za capacitance. Kubwibyo, ibiranga umurongo wohereza ibumoso ushobora kugaragara muri iki gihe byose hamwe bigizwe n’ibumoso n’iburyo, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1 (c).

Igishushanyo 1 Uburyo butandukanye bwo kohereza imirongo yumuzunguruko

Gukwirakwiza guhoraho (γ) kumurongo wohereza (TL) ubarwa nka: γ = α + jβ = Sqrt (ZY), aho Y na Z byerekana kwinjira no gutambuka. Urebye CRLH-TL, Z na Y birashobora kugaragazwa nka:

CRLH TL imwe izagira isano ikurikira:

Icyiciro gihoraho β gishobora kuba umubare nyawo cyangwa umubare wibitekerezo gusa. Niba β ari ukuri rwose murwego rwumurongo, hariho passband murwego rwumurongo bitewe nuburyo γ = jβ. Ku rundi ruhande, niba β ari umubare wibitekerezo gusa mubitigiri byinshyi, hariho umurongo uhagarara murwego rwumurongo bitewe nuburyo γ = α. Ihagarikwa ryihariye kuri CRLH-TL kandi ntiribaho muri PRH-TL cyangwa PLH-TL. Igishushanyo cya 2 (a), (b), na (c) byerekana umurongo utatanye (ni ukuvuga umubano ω - β umubano) wa PRH-TL, PLH-TL, na CRLH-TL, uko bikurikirana. Ukurikije umurongo utatanye, umuvuduko witsinda (vg = ∂ω / ∂β) hamwe n umuvuduko wicyiciro (vp = ω / β) wumurongo wogukwirakwiza urashobora gukomoka no kugereranywa. Kuri PRH-TL, irashobora kandi gusuzumwa uhereye kumurongo ko vg na vp bisa (urugero, vpvg> 0). Kuri PLH-TL, umurongo werekana ko vg na vp bidahuye (urugero, vpvg <0). Gutandukanya umurongo wa CRLH-TL byerekana kandi ko hariho akarere ka LH (urugero, vpvg <0) n'akarere ka RH (ni ukuvuga vpvg> 0). Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2 (c), kuri CRLH-TL, niba γ numubare nyawo, hariho guhagarara.

Igishushanyo 2 Gutandukanya imirongo yimirongo itandukanye

Mubisanzwe, urukurikirane hamwe na parallel resonans ya CRLH-TL iratandukanye, ibyo bita leta idahwitse. Ariko, iyo urukurikirane hamwe na parallel resonance yumurongo umwe, byitwa leta iringaniye, kandi ibisubizo byoroheje byingana byumuzunguruko byerekanwe mubishusho 3 (a).

Igishushanyo cya 3 Icyitegererezo cyumuzingi hamwe no gutandukanya umurongo wibumoso-bwohereza umurongo

Mugihe inshuro ziyongera, ibiranga gutandukanya CRLH-TL byiyongera buhoro buhoro. Ni ukubera ko umuvuduko wicyiciro (urugero, vp = ω / β) ugenda ushingira kumurongo. Mugihe gito, CRLH-TL yiganjemo LH, mugihe kuri radiyo nyinshi, CRLH-TL yiganjemo RH. Ibi byerekana imiterere ibiri ya CRLH-TL. Igishushanyo mbonera cya CRLH-TL cyerekana ishusho ya 3 (b). Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3 (b), inzibacyuho kuva LH yerekeza kuri RH iba kuri:

Aho ω0 ninshuro yinzibacyuho. Kubwibyo, muburyo buringaniye, inzibacyuho yoroshye ibaho kuva LH kugera kuri RH kuko γ numubare wibitekerezo gusa. Kubwibyo, nta guhagarika umurongo uringaniza CRLH-TL. Nubwo β ari zeru kuri ω0 (itagira umupaka ugereranije nuburebure bwayobowe, ni ukuvuga, λg = 2π / | β |), umuraba uracyakwirakwira kuko vg kuri ω0 ntabwo ari zeru. Muri ubwo buryo ,, kuri ω0, icyiciro cyo guhinduranya ni zeru kuri TL y'uburebure d (urugero, φ = - βd = 0). Icyiciro cyambere (ni ukuvuga, φ> 0) kibaho murwego rwa LH (urugero, ω <ω0), naho icyiciro cyo kudindiza (ni ukuvuga, φ <0) kibaho murwego rwa RH (urugero, ω> ω0). Kuri CRLH TL, inzitizi iranga isobanurwa gutya:

Aho ZL na ZR ari PLH na PRH inzitizi. Kubibazo bitaringanijwe, ibiranga impedance biterwa numurongo. Ikigereranyo cyavuzwe haruguru cyerekana ko urubanza ruringaniye rutigenga inshuro, bityo rushobora kugira umurongo mugari. Ikigereranyo cya TL gikomoka hejuru kirasa nibintu bigize ibice bisobanura ibikoresho bya CRLH. Ikwirakwizwa rihoraho rya TL ni γ = jβ = Sqrt (ZY). Urebye ikwirakwizwa rihoraho ryibikoresho (β = ω x Sqrt (εμ)), ibigereranyo bikurikira birashobora kuboneka:

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, inzitizi iranga TL, ni ukuvuga, Z0 = Sqrt (ZY), isa na impedance iranga ibintu, ni ukuvuga, η = Sqrt (μ / ε), igaragazwa nka:

Igipimo cyo kugabanya ibipimo byuzuye kandi bitaringaniye CRLH-TL (ni ukuvuga, n = cβ / ω) byerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 4. Mu gishushanyo cya 4, igipimo cyerekana ko CRLH-TL mu ntera yacyo ya LH ari kibi kandi icyerekezo cyo kwanga muri RH yacyo intera ni nziza.

Igishushanyo cya 4 Ibipimo bisanzwe byerekana ibintu byuzuye kandi bitaringaniye CRLH TLs.

1. Umuyoboro wa LC
Mugukata bande ya selile LC yerekanwe mubishusho 5 (a), bisanzwe CRLH-TL ifite uburinganire bukomeye bwuburebure d irashobora kubakwa mugihe cyangwa kitari igihe. Muri rusange, kugirango tumenye neza kubara no gukora CRLH-TL, umuzenguruko ugomba kuba igihe. Ugereranije nicyitegererezo cyishusho 1 (c), selile yumuzingi ya shusho ya 5 (a) nta bunini ifite kandi uburebure bwumubiri ni buto butagira akagero (ni ukuvuga Δz muri metero). Urebye uburebure bwamashanyarazi θ = Δφ (rad), icyiciro cya selile LC kirashobora kugaragazwa. Ariko, kugirango tumenye mubyukuri inductance ikoreshwa hamwe nubushobozi, uburebure bwumubiri p bugomba gushyirwaho. Guhitamo tekinoroji yo gukoresha (nka microstrip, coplanar waveguide, ibice byo hejuru yubuso, nibindi) bizagira ingaruka kumubiri wa selile LC. Akagari ka LC k'ishusho ya 5 (a) gasa na moderi yiyongera ya shusho ya 1 (c), kandi imipaka yayo p = Δz → 0. Ukurikije imiterere imwe p → 0 ku gishushanyo cya 5 (b), TL irashobora kubakwa (ukoresheje selile LC selile) ihwanye na CRLH-TL nziza imwe ifite uburebure bwa d, kuburyo TL igaragara nkumuraba wa electronique.

Igicapo 5 CRLH TL ishingiye kumurongo wa LC.

Kuri selire ya LC, urebye imipaka yigihe (PBCs) isa na theorem ya Bloch-Floquet, isano yo gutandukanya selile ya LC iragaragazwa kandi igaragazwa kuburyo bukurikira:

Urukurikirane rwimbogamizi (Z) hamwe no kwinjira (Y) ya selile LC bigenwa nuburinganire bukurikira:

Kubera ko uburebure bwamashanyarazi bwumuzingi wa LC ari buto cyane, hafi ya Taylor irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ubone:

2. Gushyira mubikorwa
Mu gice kibanziriza iki, umuyoboro wa LC wo kubyara CRLH-TL waganiriweho. Imiyoboro nkiyi ya LC irashobora kugerwaho gusa mugukoresha ibice byumubiri bishobora kubyara ubushobozi bukenewe (CR na CL) hamwe na inductance (LR na LL). Mu myaka yashize, ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya sisitemu yo hejuru (SMT) chip ibice cyangwa ibice byagabanijwe byashimishije abantu benshi. Microstrip, stripline, coplanar waveguide cyangwa ubundi buryo busa burashobora gukoreshwa kugirango tumenye ibice byagabanijwe. Hariho ibintu byinshi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo chip ya SMT cyangwa kugabanwa ibice. SMT ishingiye kuri CRLH imiterere irasanzwe kandi yoroshye kuyishyira mubikorwa mubisesengura no gushushanya. Ibi ni ukubera ko haboneka ibikoresho bya chip ya SMT bitagaragara, bidasaba kuvugurura no gukora ugereranije nibigabanijwe. Ariko, kuboneka kwa SMT ibice biranyanyagiye, kandi mubisanzwe bakora kumurongo muto (ni ukuvuga 3-6GHz). Kubwibyo, SMT ishingiye kuri CRLH imiterere ifite imipaka ikora inshuro zingana nibiranga icyiciro cyihariye. Kurugero, mugukoresha imirasire, SMT chip ibice ntibishoboka. Igishushanyo cya 6 cyerekana imiterere yagabanijwe ishingiye kuri CRLH-TL. Imiterere igerwaho nubushobozi bwimikorere itandukanye hamwe nimirongo migufi yumuzunguruko, ikora urukurikirane rwubushobozi CL hamwe nuburinganire bwa LL ya LH. Ubushobozi buri hagati yumurongo na GND bufatwa nkubushobozi bwa RH CR, naho inductance iterwa na magnetiki flux iterwa numuyoboro uriho mumiterere yimiterere ihuza abantu bafatwa ko ari RH inductance LR.