1.Iriburiro
Gusarura ingufu za radiyo (RF) gusohora ingufu (RFEH) hamwe no guhererekanya amashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi (WPT) byashimishije abantu benshi nkuburyo bwo kugera kumashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi arambye. Rectennas ni ibuye rikomeza imfuruka ya sisitemu ya WPT na RFEH kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumbaraga za DC zagejejwe kumuzigo. Ibikoresho bya antenne ya rectenna bigira ingaruka muburyo bwo gusarura, bishobora guhindura imbaraga zasaruwe nuburyo bwinshi bwubunini. Uru rupapuro rusubiramo antenne ikoreshwa muri WPT hamwe nibidukikije bya RFEH. Rectennas ivugwa yashyizwe mubyiciro bibiri byingenzi: antenne ikosora umurongo wa impedance hamwe nimirasire ya antene. Kuri buri ngingo ngenderwaho, igishushanyo mbonera (FoM) kubikorwa bitandukanye byagenwe kandi bigasuzumwa ugereranije.
WPT yasabwe na Tesla mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 nk'uburyo bwo kohereza ibihumbi by'imbaraga. Ijambo rectenna, risobanura antenne ihujwe na rectifier kugirango isarure ingufu za RF, yagaragaye mu myaka ya za 1950 kugirango ikoreshe amashanyarazi ya microwave hamwe nogukoresha ingufu zitagira abadereva. Icyerekezo cyose, intera ndende ya WPT ibujijwe kumiterere yumubiri wo gukwirakwiza (umwuka). Kubwibyo, WPT yubucuruzi igarukira cyane cyane kumurima-utari umuyagankuba wohereza amashanyarazi ya elegitoroniki yumuriro cyangwa RFID.
Mugihe ingufu zikoreshwa mubikoresho bya semiconductor hamwe na sensor sensor zidafite umugozi bikomeje kugabanuka, birashoboka cyane kuri sensor sensor power ukoresheje ibidukikije bya RFEH cyangwa ukoresheje amashanyarazi make yagabanijwe. Ultra-power-power power sisitemu isanzwe igizwe na RF yo kugura imbere, imbaraga za DC hamwe nubuyobozi bwo kwibuka, hamwe na microprocessor na transceiver.
Igishushanyo 1 kirerekana imyubakire ya RFEH idafite umugozi hamwe nibisanzwe byavuzwe na RF imbere-iherezo. Imikorere ya nyuma-iherezo ya sisitemu yububasha butagira amashanyarazi hamwe nuburyo bwububiko bwamakuru adahuza amakuru hamwe numuyoboro wohereza amashanyarazi biterwa nimikorere yibigize kugiti cye, nka antene, ikosora, hamwe numuyoboro wogukoresha amashanyarazi. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwibitabo bwakozwe kubice bitandukanye bya sisitemu. Imbonerahamwe 1 irerekana muri make icyiciro cyo guhindura imbaraga, ibice byingenzi byo guhindura imbaraga neza, hamwe nubushakashatsi bujyanye nubuvanganzo kuri buri gice. Ubuvanganzo bwa vuba bwibanda ku buhanga bwo guhindura imbaraga, gukosora topologiya, cyangwa umuyoboro wa radiyo uzi neza.
Igishushanyo 1
Ariko, igishushanyo cya antenne ntabwo gifatwa nkibintu byingenzi muri RFEH. Nubwo ubuvanganzo bumwe na bumwe buvuga ko antenne yagutse kandi ikora neza uhereye muri rusange cyangwa ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cya antenne, nka antenne ntoya cyangwa ishobora kwambara, ingaruka za antenna zimwe na zimwe ku kwakira ingufu no guhindura imikorere ntabwo zisesenguwe ku buryo burambuye.
Uru rupapuro rusubiramo tekinike ya antenne muri rectennas hagamijwe gutandukanya RFEH na WPT ibibazo byihariye byo gushushanya antenne yubushakashatsi busanzwe bwa antenna. Antenne igereranijwe uhereye kubintu bibiri: guhuza impera-iherezo-impedance ihuza n'ibiranga imirasire; muri buri gihugu, FoM iramenyekana kandi igasubirwamo muri antenne zigezweho (SoA).
2. Umuyoboro mugari no guhuza: Imiyoboro itari RF 50
Ibiranga inzitizi ya 50Ω ni ugutekereza hakiri kare ubwumvikane hagati ya attenuation nimbaraga muri microwave yubushakashatsi. Muri antene, umurongo wa impedance wasobanuwe nkurugero rwinshuro aho imbaraga zigaragara ziri munsi ya 10% (S11 <- 10 dB). Kubera ko urusaku ruke rwinshi (LNAs), ibyuma byongerera ingufu, hamwe na disikete byakozwe muburyo bwa 50Ω byinjira byinjira, inkomoko ya 50Ω isanzwe ivugwa.
Muri rectenna, ibisohoka bya antenne bigaburirwa mu buryo butaziguye, kandi kutagira umurongo wa diode bitera itandukaniro rinini mu kwinjiza inzitizi, hamwe na capacitif yiganje. Dufashe antenne ya 50Ω, ikibazo nyamukuru nugushiraho umurongo wongeyeho wa RF uhuza kugirango uhindure inzitizi zinjira mukubangamira gukosora inshuro zinyungu no kuyitezimbere kurwego rwimbaraga. Muri iki kibazo, umurongo wa end-to-end impedance umurongo urasabwa kugirango RF ihindurwe neza. Kubwibyo, nubwo antene ishobora kugera kumurongo wa tewolojiya itagira umupaka cyangwa ultra-ubugari bwagutse ukoresheje ibintu byigihe cyangwa geometrike yuzuzanya, umurongo wa rectenna uzaba ucishijwe bugufi numuyoboro uhuza.
Ibice byinshi bya rectenna byasabwe kugera kumurongo umwe hamwe no gusarura imirongo myinshi cyangwa WPT mugabanya kugabanya ibitekerezo no kugabanya ingufu hagati ya antenne na rectifier. Igishushanyo cya 2 cyerekana imiterere ya raporo ya rectenna topologiya, yashyizwe mubikorwa na impedance ihuye nubwubatsi. Imbonerahamwe 2 irerekana ingero zerekana imikorere-ya rectennas yerekeye umurongo wa nyuma-uheruka (muriki gihe, FoM) kuri buri cyiciro.
Igishushanyo cya 2 Rectenna topologiya uhereye kumurongo mugari no guhuza impedance. (a) Umugozi umwe wa rectenna hamwe na antenne isanzwe. . (c) Umuyoboro mugari wa rectenna ufite ibyambu byinshi bya RF hamwe nimiyoboro itandukanye ihuza buri tsinda. (d) Umuyoboro mugari hamwe na antenne yagutse hamwe numuyoboro mugari. (e) umurongo umwe wa rectenna ukoresheje antenne ntoya y'amashanyarazi ihuye neza na rectifier. . (g) Umuyoboro mugari wa rectenna ufite inzitizi zikomeye zo guhuza hamwe na rectifier hejuru yumurongo wa radiyo.
Mugihe WPT hamwe nibidukikije bya RFEH kubitangwa byabigenewe ni porogaramu zitandukanye za rectenna, kugera kumpera-iherezo ihuza hagati ya antenne, ikosora hamwe numutwaro nibyingenzi kugirango ugere kumashanyarazi menshi (PCE) muburyo bwagutse. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, WPT rectennas yibanda cyane kubintu bigezweho (S11 yo hepfo) kugirango tunoze umurongo umwe PCE kurwego runaka (topologiya a, e na f). Umuyoboro mugari wa bande imwe WPT itezimbere ubudahangarwa bwa sisitemu yo gutandukana, gukora inenge no gupakira parasitike. Kurundi ruhande, rectennas ya RFEH ishyira imbere imikorere ya bande kandi ikaba iri muri topologiya bd na g, kuko ubucucike bwimbaraga (PSD) bwumurongo umwe muri rusange buri hasi.
3. Igishushanyo cya antenna y'urukiramende
1. Urukiramende rumwe
Igishushanyo cya antenne ya rectenna imwe yumurongo umwe (topologiya A) ishingiye cyane cyane kubishushanyo mbonera bya antenne, nka polarisiyonike yumurongo (LP) cyangwa umuzenguruko uzenguruka (CP) urumuri rwerekana indege hasi, antenne ya dipole na antenne ya F. Itandukaniro rya bande rectenna ishingiye kuri DC ihuza umurongo igizwe na antenna nyinshi cyangwa ivanze DC na RF ihuza ibice byinshi.
Kubera ko antenne nyinshi ziteganijwe ari antenne imwe yumurongo umwe kandi yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa na WPT yumurongo umwe, mugihe ushakisha RFEH ibidukikije byinshi, antenne nyinshi yumurongo umwe ihuzwa na rectennas nyinshi (topologiya B) hamwe no guhagarika guhuza hamwe kwigenga DC guhuza nyuma yumurongo wumurongo wamashanyarazi kugirango ubatandukanye rwose no kugura RF no guhinduranya. Ibi bisaba imiyoboro myinshi yo gucunga amashanyarazi kuri buri tsinda, rishobora kugabanya imikorere yimikorere ihindura kuko imbaraga za DC zumurongo umwe ziri hasi.
2. Multi-band na Broadband RFEH antenne
Ibidukikije RFEH bikunze guhuzwa no kugura imirongo myinshi; Kubwibyo, tekiniki zitandukanye zasabwe kunoza umurongo mugari wa antenne isanzwe hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora ibice bibiri cyangwa bande ya antenna. Muri iki gice, turasubiramo ibishushanyo mbonera bya antenna ya RFEHs, kimwe na antenne ya kera ya bande ifite ubushobozi bwo gukoreshwa nka rectennas.
Antenne ya Coplanar waveguide (CPW) ifata umwanya muto ugereranije na microstrip patch antenne kumurongo umwe kandi ikabyara LP cyangwa CP, kandi akenshi ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza mugari wibidukikije. Indege zigaragaza zikoreshwa mukwongera kwigunga no kunoza inyungu, bikavamo imishwarara imeze nka antene ya patch. Antennasi ya koplanar ya swlan ikoreshwa mugutezimbere umurongo wa impedance kumirongo myinshi yumurongo, nka 1.8-22.7 GHz cyangwa 1-3 GHz. Antenne ifatanyirizwa hamwe hamwe na antenne ya patch nayo ikoreshwa mubishushanyo mbonera bya rectenna. Igishushanyo cya 3 cyerekana antenne zimwe zavuzwe zikoresha tekinoroji irenze imwe yo kunoza umurongo.
Igishushanyo 3
Guhuza Antenna-Ikosora Impedance Guhuza
Guhuza antene ya 50Ω na rectifier idafite umurongo biragoye kuko impedance yinjiza iratandukanye cyane numurongo. Muri topologiya A na B (Ishusho 2), urusobe rusanzwe ruhuza ni umukino wa LC ukoresheje ibintu byuzuye; icyakora, umurongo mugari mubusanzwe uri munsi ugereranije nitsinda ryinshi ryitumanaho. Guhuza umurongo umwe wa stub bikoreshwa mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muri microwave na milimetero-yumurambararo uri munsi ya 6 GHz, kandi raporo ya milimetero-yumurongo wa rectennas ifite umurongo mugari wavutse kuko umurongo wa PCE wacishijwe bugufi no gusohora guhuza, bigatuma bikenerwa cyane cyane kuri kimwe- bande ya WPT muri 24 GHz idafite uruhushya.
Urukiramende muri topologiya C na D rufite imiyoboro ihanitse ihuza imiyoboro. Imiyoboro ikwirakwizwa yuzuye yatanzwe kugirango ihuze umurongo mugari, hamwe na radiyo ya RF / DC ngufi (pass filter) ku cyambu gisohoka cyangwa capacitori ya DC nk'inzira yo kugaruka kuri diode ihuza. Ibice bikosora birashobora gusimburwa nubuyobozi bwanditse bwumuzunguruko (PCB) bwuzuzanya bwa capacitori, bigahuzwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byubucuruzi. Ibindi byavuzwe mugari mugari wa rectenna ihuza imiyoboro ihuza ibintu byahujwe kugirango bihuze na radiyo yo hasi kandi ikwirakwizwa ibintu byo gukora RF mugufi winjiza.
Guhindura ibyinjira byinjira byarebwaga numutwaro binyuze mumasoko (bizwi nkisoko yo gukurura-tekinike) yakoreshejwe mugushushanya umurongo mugari ufite 57% ugereranije numuyoboro mugari (1.25-22.25 GHz) na PCE 10% hejuru ugereranije numuzunguruko cyangwa wagabanijwe. . Nubwo imiyoboro ihuje isanzwe igenewe guhuza antene hejuru yumurongo wa 50Ω wose, hari amakuru mubitabo aho antenne yagutse yahujwe no gukosora umurongo mugari.
Imiyoboro ya Hybrid hamwe nogukwirakwiza-ibice bihuza imiyoboro byakoreshejwe cyane muri topologiya C na D, hamwe na inductor hamwe na capacator zikoreshwa cyane. Ibi birinda ibintu bigoye nka capacitori interdigitated, bisaba kwerekana neza no guhimba neza kuruta imirongo ya microstrip.
Imbaraga zinjiza mugukosora zigira ingaruka kubitekerezo byatewe kubera kutagira umurongo wa diode. Kubwibyo, rectenna yashizweho kugirango igabanye PCE kumurongo wihariye winjiza imbaraga hamwe nuburemere bwimitwaro. Kubera ko diode ahanini ifite ubushobozi buke cyane kuri radiyo iri munsi ya 3 GHz, umurongo mugari wa enterineti ukuraho imiyoboro ihuza cyangwa ugabanya imiyoboro yoroshye yo guhuza byibanze kuri frequency Prf> 0 dBm no hejuru ya 1 GHz, kubera ko diode ifite ubushobozi buke buke kandi irashobora guhuzwa neza. kuri antenne, bityo wirinde gushushanya antene hamwe na reaction yinjiza> 1.000Ω.
Guhuza imiterere yo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere byagaragaye muri CMOS rectennas, aho umuyoboro uhuza ugizwe na chip capacitor banki na inductors. Imiyoboro ihamye ya CMOS nayo yasabwe kuri antenne zisanzwe 50Ω kimwe na antenne zifatanije. Byatangajwe ko ibyuma byerekana ingufu za CMOS byifashishwa mugucunga ibyerekezo byerekeza umusaruro wa antenne kubikosora bitandukanye no guhuza imiyoboro bitewe nimbaraga ziboneka. Urusobekerane rushobora guhuza urusobe rwifashishije ubushobozi bwa capacitori rwasabwe, rwahujwe no guhuza neza mugihe upima inzitizi yinjiza ukoresheje isesengura rya vector. Muguhuza microstrip ihuza imiyoboro, imirongo yingaruka ya transistor yakoreshejwe muguhindura stub kugirango ihuze ibice bibiri biranga.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, nyamuneka sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-09-2024
