Antenna-Ikosora hamwe
Ikiranga rectennas ikurikira topologiya ya EG ku gishushanyo cya 2 ni uko antene ihuye neza na neza na rectifier, aho kuba 50Ω bisanzwe, bisaba kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho umuzunguruko uhuye kugirango imbaraga zikosorwe. Iki gice gisubiramo ibyiza bya SoA rectennas hamwe na antenne itari 50Ω na rectennas idahuje imiyoboro.
1. Amashanyarazi Ntoya
LC resonant impeta antenne yakoreshejwe cyane mubikorwa aho ingano ya sisitemu ari ngombwa. Kuri frequence iri munsi ya 1 GHz, uburebure bwumurongo burashobora gutuma antenne isanzwe ikwirakwizwa ifata umwanya munini kuruta ubunini rusange bwa sisitemu, hamwe na progaramu nka transcevers yuzuye yuzuye kugirango yinjizwe mumubiri byungukirwa cyane cyane no gukoresha antenne ntoya y'amashanyarazi kuri WPT.
Impinduka ndende ya inductive ya antenne nto (hafi ya resonance) irashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza byimazeyo ikosora cyangwa hamwe na chip capacitive ihuza umuyoboro. Amashanyarazi mato mato yavuzwe muri WPT hamwe na LP na CP munsi ya 1 GHz ukoresheje antene ya Huygens dipole, hamwe na ka = 0,645, naho ka = 5.91 muri dipole zisanzwe (ka = 2πr / λ0).
2. Rectifier conjugate antenna
Ubusanzwe kwinjiza impedance ya diode irashoboye cyane, antenne ya inductive irasabwa kugirango umuntu agere kuri conjugate. Bitewe na capacitive impedance ya chip, antenne ya inedive inductive yakoreshejwe cyane mubirango bya RFID. Antipine ya Dipole iherutse kuba inzira muri antenne ya RFID igoye, yerekana impedance nyinshi (resistance and reaction) hafi yumurongo wa resonant.
Antenna ya Inductive dipole yakoreshejwe kugirango ihuze ubushobozi buhanitse bwo gukosora mugice cyinyungu. Muri antenne ya dipole ikubye, umurongo wa kabiri ngufi (gukuba dipole) ikora nka transformateur ya impedance, itanga igishushanyo cya antenne yo hejuru cyane. Ubundi, kugaburira kubogama bifite inshingano zo kongera reaction ya inductive kimwe na impedance nyirizina. Gukomatanya ibintu byinshi bibogamye bya dipole hamwe nu muheto utaringaniye umuheto-karuvati ya radial stub ikora antenne ebyiri nini yagutse. Igishushanyo cya 4 cyerekana antenne ikosora ikosora conjugate.
Igicapo 4
Ibiranga imirasire muri RFEH na WPT
Muri moderi ya Friis, imbaraga PRX yakiriwe na antenne intera d uvuye kuri transmitter nigikorwa kiziguye cyo kwakira no kohereza (GRX, GTX).
Antenna yibanze ya lobe yerekanwe hamwe na polarisiyasi bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye imbaraga zegeranijwe zivuye kumuraba. Ibiranga imirasire ya Antenna nibintu byingenzi bitandukanya RFEH n'ibidukikije (Ishusho 5). Mugihe mubisabwa byombi uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza bushobora kuba butazwi kandi ingaruka zabwo zikaba zikwiye gusuzumwa, ubumenyi bwa antenne yanduza burashobora gukoreshwa. Imbonerahamwe 3 irerekana ibipimo byingenzi byaganiriweho muri iki gice nibisabwa kuri RFEH na WPT.
Igicapo 5
1. Kuyobora no Kunguka
Mubikorwa byinshi bya RFEH na WPT, hafatwa ko uwakusanyije atazi icyerekezo cyimirasire yibyabaye kandi nta murongo-wo-kureba (LoS). Muriyi mirimo, hakozwe ubushakashatsi bwa antenne nyinshi hamwe n’ibibanza byashyizwe ahagaragara kugira ngo imbaraga zakiriwe ziturutse ahantu hatazwi, zidashingiye ku guhuza lobe nyamukuru hagati ya transmitter nuwakira.
Antenne ya Omnidirectional yakoreshejwe cyane mubidukikije bya RFEH. Mubitabo, PSD iratandukanye bitewe nicyerekezo cya antene. Ariko rero, itandukaniro ryimbaraga ntirisobanuwe, ntabwo rero bishoboka kumenya niba itandukaniro riterwa nimirasire ya antenne cyangwa biterwa na polarisiyasi idahuye.
Usibye porogaramu ya RFEH, antenne yunguka cyane hamwe na array byavuzwe cyane kuri microwave WPT kugirango irusheho gukusanya neza ingufu nke za RF cyangwa gutsinda igihombo. Yagi-Uda rectenna array, bowtie array, spiral array, ihujwe cyane na Vivaldi array, CPW CP array, hamwe na patch array biri mubikorwa bya rectenna byashyizwe mubikorwa bishobora kugabanya ubukana bwibyabaye mukarere runaka. Ubundi buryo bwo kunoza antenne harimo substrate ihuriweho na waveguide (SIW) tekinoroji ya microwave na milimetero ya bande, yihariye kuri WPT. Nyamara, inyungu-nyinshi ya rectennas irangwa nubunini bugufi, bigatuma kwakira imiraba mubyerekezo bidakora neza. Iperereza ryakozwe ku mubare w’ibintu bya antenne n’ibyambu byanzuye ko ubuyobozi buhanitse budahuye n’imbaraga zisaruwe mu bidukikije bya RFEH harebwa impanuka eshatu; ibi byagenzuwe no gupima imirima mubidukikije. Inyungu-nyinshi zishobora kugarukira kuri porogaramu ya WPT.
Kwimura inyungu za antene yunguka cyane kuri RFE uko bishakiye, gupakira cyangwa ibisubizo byakoreshejwe kugirango bikemure ikibazo cyubuyobozi. Intoki ebyiri-antenna yintoki irasabwa gusarura ingufu ziva muri Wi-Fi RFEHs mu byerekezo bibiri. Antenne ya selile ya selile ya selile nayo yateguwe nkibisanduku bya 3D kandi byacapwe cyangwa bifatanye hejuru yinyuma kugirango bigabanye ubuso bwa sisitemu kandi bishobore gusarurwa mubyerekezo byinshi. Cubic rectenna yubatswe yerekana amahirwe menshi yo kwakira ingufu muri RFEH ibidukikije.
Kunoza igishushanyo cya antenne kugirango hongerwe urumuri, harimo nibikoresho bya parasitike bifasha, byakozwe kugirango tunonosore WPT kuri 2.4 GHz, 4 × 1. Hashyizweho kandi antenne ya 6 GHz ya mesh ifite uturere twinshi twa beam, yerekana imirongo myinshi kuri buri cyambu. Ibyambu byinshi, ibyerekezo byinshi bikosora hamwe na antenne yo gusarura ingufu hamwe nuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza imirasire yibintu byose byasabwe kuri RFEH ibyerekezo byinshi kandi byinshi. Byinshi byasubiwemo hamwe na matrices yamurika hamwe na antenne ya port ya port-port nayo yasabwe kugirango yunguke byinshi, ibyerekezo byinshi byo gusarura ingufu.
Muncamake, mugihe antene yunguka cyane ihitamo kunoza ingufu zasaruwe ziva mubucucike buke bwa RF, abakira icyerekezo cyinshi ntibishobora kuba byiza mubisabwa aho icyerekezo cyohereza kitazwi (urugero, RFEH cyangwa WPT binyuze mumiyoboro itazwi). Muriyi mirimo, inzira nyinshi-beam zisabwa kubice byinshi-byunguka byinshi-WPT na RFEH.
2. Antenna Polarisation
Antenna polarisation isobanura urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi ugereranije n'icyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza antene. Guhuza polarisiyasi birashobora gutuma kugabanuka / kwakirwa hagati ya antene nubwo icyerekezo nyamukuru cya lobe gihujwe. Kurugero, niba antenna ihagaritse LP ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza naho antenne ya horizontal ya horizontal ikoreshwa mukwakira, nta mbaraga zizakirwa. Muri iki gice, uburyo bwatanzwe bwo kwerekana uburyo bwo kwakira neza simusiga no kwirinda igihombo kidahuye kirasubirwamo. Inshamake yuburyo bwateganijwe bwa rectenna kubijyanye na polarisiyasi yatanzwe mubishusho 6 naho urugero SoA itangwa mumeza 4.
Igicapo 6
Mu itumanaho rya terefone ngendanwa, guhuza umurongo wa polarisiyonike hagati ya sitasiyo fatizo na terefone zigendanwa ntibishoboka ko bigerwaho, bityo antenne ya sitasiyo fatizo yagenewe guhuzwa n’ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi kugira ngo birinde igihombo kidahuye. Nyamara, polarisation ihindagurika ya LP imiraba kubera ingaruka nyinshi ziracyari ikibazo kidakemutse. Ukurikije igitekerezo cya sitasiyo ngendanwa ya mobile igizwe na polarisi nyinshi, antenne ya selile ya selile yakozwe nka antenne ya LP.
CP rectennas ikoreshwa cyane muri WPT kuko irwanya kurwanya kudahuza. Antenne ya CP irashobora kwakira imirasire ya CP hamwe nicyerekezo kimwe cyo kuzunguruka (ibumoso-ibumoso cyangwa iburyo bwa CP) hiyongereyeho imiraba yose ya LP nta gutakaza amashanyarazi. Ibyo ari byo byose, antenne ya CP yanduza kandi antenne ya LP yakira igihombo cya 3 dB (gutakaza ingufu za 50%). CP rectennas ivugwa ko ibereye 900 MHz na 2.4 GHz na 5.8 GHz inganda, siyanse, nubuvuzi kimwe na milimetero. Muri RFEH yumuraba wubushake utabishaka, itandukaniro rya polarisiyonike ryerekana igisubizo gishobora guterwa nigihombo kidahuye.
Polarisiyasi yuzuye, izwi kandi nka polarisiyasi nyinshi, yasabwe gutsinda burundu igihombo kidahuye na polarisiyasi, bigafasha gukusanya imiraba yombi ya CP na LP, aho ibintu bibiri byombi bifite ibice bibiri bya LP byakira neza LP na CP. Kugirango tubyerekane, umuyagankuba uhagaritse kandi utambitse (VV na VH) biguma bihoraho utitaye kumpande ya polarisiyasi:
CP electromagnetic wave "E" umurima w'amashanyarazi, aho ingufu zegeranijwe kabiri (rimwe kuri buri gice), bityo ukakira byimazeyo ibice bya CP kandi ugatsinda igihombo cya 3 dB polarisation idahuye:
Hanyuma, binyuze muri DC ikomatanya, ibyabaye kumurongo wa polarisation uko yakabaye irashobora kwakirwa. Igicapo 7 cerekana geometrie ya raporo yuzuye polarize.
Igicapo 7
Muncamake, muri porogaramu za WPT hamwe nimbaraga zabigenewe, CP irahitamo kuko itezimbere imikorere ya WPT utitaye kumpande ya antenne. Ku rundi ruhande, mu kugura amasoko menshi, cyane cyane aturuka ku bidukikije, antene yuzuye yuzuye irashobora kugera ku kwakira neza muri rusange no gutwara ibintu byinshi; ibyambu byinshi / byinshi-bikosora ibyubaka birasabwa guhuza imbaraga zuzuye muri RF cyangwa DC.
Incamake
Uru rupapuro rusubiramo iterambere rya vuba mugushushanya kwa antenne kuri RFEH na WPT, kandi rusaba ibyiciro bisanzwe byerekana igishushanyo mbonera cya antenna ya RFEH na WPT itigeze isabwa mubitabo byabanjirije. Ibice bitatu by'ibanze bisabwa kugirango umuntu agere kuri RF-kugeza kuri DC byagaragaye neza:
1. Antenna ikosora inzitizi yumurongo wa RFEH na WPT yinyungu;
2. Guhuza lobe nyamukuru hagati ya transmitter niyakira muri WPT uhereye kubiryo byabigenewe;
3. Polarisiyasi ihuye na rectenna hamwe nibyabaye bititaye kumpande n'umwanya.
Ukurikije impedance, rectennas ishyirwa mubice 50Ω hamwe na rectifier conjugate rectennas, hibandwa ku guhuza impedance ihuza imirongo itandukanye n'imitwaro hamwe nuburyo buri buryo bwo guhuza.
Ibiranga imirasire ya SoA rectennas byasubiwemo muburyo bwo kuyobora no guhindagurika. Uburyo bwo kunoza inyungu muburyo bwo kumurika no gupakira kugirango utsinde urumuri ruto. Hanyuma, CP rectennas ya WPT irasubirwamo, hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye kugirango tugere kuri polarisiyasi-yigenga yakira WPT na RFEH.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, nyamuneka sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-16-2024
