Iyo bigezeantene, ikibazo abantu bahangayikishijwe cyane ni "Imirasire igerwaho gute?"Nigute umurima wa electromagnetique utangwa nisoko yikimenyetso ukwirakwiza binyuze mumurongo wogukwirakwiza no muri antene, hanyuma amaherezo "gutandukana" na antenne kugirango ube umuyaga wubusa.
1. Imirasire y'insinga imwe
Reka dufate ko ubwinshi bwamafaranga yishyurwa, bwerekanwe nka qv (Coulomb / m3), bukwirakwizwa kimwe mumuzinga uzengurutswe hamwe nu gice cyambukiranya igice cya a nubunini bwa V, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1.
Igishushanyo 1
Igiteranyo cyuzuye Q mubunini V yimuka muri z icyerekezo kumuvuduko umwe Vz (m / s).Birashobora kwemezwa ko ubucucike bwa Jz kumurongo wambukiranya insinga ari:
Jz = qv vz （1）
Niba insinga ikozwe numuyoboro mwiza, ubucucike bwa Js hejuru yinsinga ni:
Js = qs vz （2）
Aho qs nubucucike bwubuso.Niba insinga ari nto cyane (nibyiza, radiyo ni 0), umuyoboro uri murugozi urashobora kugaragazwa nka:
Iz = ql vz (3)
Aho ql (coulomb / metero) ni amafaranga yishyurwa muburebure.
Duhangayikishijwe cyane cyane ninsinga zoroshye, kandi imyanzuro ireba imanza eshatu zavuzwe haruguru.Niba ikigezweho ari igihe-gitandukanye, inkomoko ya formula (3) kubijyanye nigihe niyi ikurikira:
（4）
az ni kwihuta kwishyurwa.Niba uburebure bwinsinga ari l, (4) birashobora kwandikwa gutya:
（5）
Ikigereranyo (5) nubusabane bwibanze hagati yubu nubushakashatsi, kandi nubusabane bwibanze bwimirasire ya electronique.Muri make, kugirango habeho imirasire, hagomba kubaho ibihe bitandukanye bigenda byihuta cyangwa kwihuta (cyangwa kwihuta) kwishyurwa.Mubisanzwe tuvuga ibyagezweho mugihe-gihuza porogaramu, kandi amafaranga akunze kuvugwa mubikorwa byigihe gito.Kugirango habeho kwihuta kwishyurwa (cyangwa kwihuta), insinga igomba kugororwa, kuzingirwa, no guhagarara.Iyo amafaranga yinyeganyeza mugihe cyoguhuza, bizanavamo kwihuta kwigihe (cyangwa kwihuta) cyangwa ibihe bitandukanye.Kubwibyo:
1) Niba amafaranga atimutse, ntihazabaho umuyoboro cyangwa imirasire.
2) Niba amafaranga yishyuwe kumuvuduko uhoraho:
a.Niba insinga igororotse kandi itagira umupaka, nta mirasire.
b.Niba insinga yunamye, izingiye, cyangwa idahagarara, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2, hari imirase.
3) Niba ubwishyu bunyeganyega mugihe, amafaranga azamurika nubwo insinga igororotse.
Igishushanyo 2
Gusobanukirwa neza uburyo bwimirasire irashobora kuboneka harebwa inkomoko ya pulsed ihujwe ninsinga ifunguye ishobora guhagarikwa binyuze mumitwaro kumpera yayo, nkuko bigaragara mumashusho 2 (d).Iyo insinga yabanje gushyirwamo ingufu, amafaranga (electroni yubusa) murugozi ashyirwa kumurongo numurongo wumuriro wamashanyarazi utangwa nisoko.Nkuko kwishyurwa byihuta kumpera yumurongo wumugozi no kwihuta (kwihuta kwinshi ugereranije nigikorwa cyambere) iyo bigaragaye kumpera yacyo, umurima wimirasire ubyara kumpera yacyo hamwe nizindi nsinga.Kwihutisha kwishyurwa bikorwa nisoko yo hanze yingufu ishyiraho amafaranga kandi ikabyara imirasire ijyanye nayo.Kwihutisha kwishyurwa kumpera yinsinga bikorwa nimbaraga zimbere zifitanye isano numurima utewe, biterwa no kwegeranya amafaranga yibanze kumpera yinsinga.Imbaraga zimbere zunguka imbaraga zokwirundanya kwishyurwa nkuko umuvuduko wacyo ugabanuka kugeza kuri zeru kumpera yinsinga.Kubwibyo rero, kwihutisha kwishyurwa bitewe numuriro wumuriro wamashanyarazi no kwihuta kwamafaranga bitewe no guhagarara cyangwa kugororoka neza kwangirika kwinsinga nuburyo bwo kubyara imirasire ya electronique.Nubwo ubucucike bwombi (Jc) hamwe nubucucike bwubwinshi (qv) ninkomoko yinkomoko muburinganire bwa Maxwell, kwishyurwa bifatwa nkubwinshi bwibanze, cyane cyane kumirima yinzibacyuho.Nubwo ibi bisobanuro byimirasire bikoreshwa cyane cyane mubihe byinzibacyuho, birashobora no gukoreshwa mugusobanura imirasire ihamye.
RM-TCR406.4
RM-BCA082-4 （0.8-2GHz)
RM-SWA910-22 (9-10GHz)
2. Imirasire y'insinga ebyiri
Huza isoko ya voltage kumurongo wohereza imiyoboro ibiri ihuza antene, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3 (a).Gukoresha voltage kumurongo wibice bibiri bitanga amashanyarazi hagati yabatwara.Imirongo yumuriro wamashanyarazi ikora kuri electron yubusa (gutandukana byoroshye na atome) ihujwe na buri kiyobora ikabahatira kwimuka.Urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi rutanga amashanyarazi, nayo ikabyara umurima wa rukuruzi.
Igishushanyo 3
Twemeye ko imirongo yumuriro wumuriro itangirana nuburyo bwiza kandi ikarangirana numuriro mubi.Birumvikana, barashobora kandi gutangirana nuburyo bwiza kandi bikarangira bitagira iherezo;cyangwa utangire ubuziraherezo ukarangiza ushinjwe nabi;cyangwa gukora ibifunga bifunze bidatangira cyangwa birangirana nuburyo bwose.Imirongo ya magnetiki yumurongo ihora ikora ibifunga bifunze imiyoboro itwara ibintu kuko ntamashanyarazi akoreshwa muri fiziki.Muburyo bumwe bwimibare, uburyo bwa magnetique buringaniye hamwe ningaruka za magnetique byerekanwe kugirango byerekane uburinganire hagati y ibisubizo birimo imbaraga nisoko ya magneti.
Imirongo yumuriro wumurongo ushushanyije hagati yabatwara ibiri ifasha kwerekana ikwirakwizwa ryamafaranga.Niba twibwira ko isoko ya voltage ari sinusoidal, turateganya ko amashanyarazi hagati yabatwara nayo azaba sinusoidal hamwe nigihe kingana ninkomoko.Ubunini bugereranije imbaraga z'umuriro w'amashanyarazi bugaragazwa n'ubucucike bw'umurongo w'amashanyarazi, kandi imyambi yerekana icyerekezo ugereranije (cyiza cyangwa kibi).Igisekuru cyibihe bitandukanye byamashanyarazi na magnetiki hagati yabatwara ikora umuyagankuba wa electromagnetique ukwirakwiza kumurongo wohereza, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3 (a).Umuyaga wa electromagnetic winjira muri antenne hamwe nubushakashatsi hamwe numuyoboro uhuye.Niba dukuyeho igice cyimiterere ya antenne, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3 (b), umuyaga wubusa urashobora gushirwaho "guhuza" impera zifunguye zumurongo wumuriro wamashanyarazi (werekanwa numurongo utudomo).Umwanya-wubusa-umwanya nawo burigihe, ariko icyiciro-gihoraho cya P0 kigenda hanze kumuvuduko wumucyo kandi kigenda intera ya λ / 2 (kugeza P1) mugice cyigihe.Hafi ya antenne, icyiciro-gihoraho cya P0 kigenda cyihuta kuruta umuvuduko wurumuri kandi cyegera umuvuduko wurumuri kumwanya uri kure ya antene.Igishushanyo cya 4 cyerekana amashanyarazi yubusa-ikwirakwizwa rya antenne ya λ ∕ 2 kuri t = 0, t / 8, t / 4, na 3T / 8.
Igicapo 4 Umwanya wubusa amashanyarazi gukwirakwiza antenne λ ∕ 2 kuri t = 0, t / 8, t / 4 na 3T / 8
Ntabwo bizwi uburyo imipfunda iyobowe itandukanijwe na antenne hanyuma amaherezo ikorwa kugirango ikwirakwize mumwanya wubusa.Turashobora kugereranya imiyoboro yubusa kandi yubusa hamwe numuraba wamazi, bishobora guterwa nibuye ryaguye mumubiri utuje wamazi cyangwa mubundi buryo.Iyo imvururu zimaze gutangira, imiraba y'amazi irabyara igatangira gukwirakwira hanze.Nubwo imivurungano ihagarara, imiraba ntigihagarara ariko ikomeza gukwirakwiza imbere.Niba imivurungano ikomeje, imiraba mishya ihora ikorwa, kandi ikwirakwizwa ryiyi miyoboro ikaba inyuma yizindi nyanja.
Ni nako bimeze no kuri electromagnetic waves iterwa no guhagarika amashanyarazi.Niba ihungabana ryambere ryamashanyarazi rituruka kumasoko ari igihe gito, imiraba ya electromagnetique yabyaye ikwirakwira imbere yumurongo wogukwirakwiza, hanyuma winjire muri antenne, hanyuma amaherezo irasa nkumuraba wubusa, nubwo kwishima bitakiriho (nkumuraba wamazi n'imivurungano bashizeho).Niba ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi rikomeje, imiraba ya electromagnetique ibaho kandi igakurikiranira hafi mugihe cyo gukwirakwizwa, nkuko bigaragara muri antenne ya biconical yerekanwa ku gishushanyo cya 5. Iyo imiraba ya electromagnetique iri mumirongo ikwirakwiza na antene, kubaho kwabo bifitanye isano no kubaho kw'amashanyarazi. kwishyuza imbere yuyobora.Ariko, iyo imiraba irasa, ikora umugozi ufunze kandi ntamafaranga yo gukomeza kubaho.Ibi bitugeza ku mwanzuro ko:
Kwishimira umurima bisaba kwihuta no kwihutisha amafaranga, ariko kubungabunga umurima ntibisaba kwihuta no kwihutisha amafaranga.
Igicapo 5
3. Imirasire ya Dipole
Turagerageza gusobanura uburyo imirongo yumuriro wamashanyarazi itandukana na antenne hanyuma igakora imiraba yubusa, hanyuma tugafata antenne ya dipole nkurugero.Nubwo ari ibisobanuro byoroheje, binashoboza abantu kubona byimazeyo igisekuru cyumwanya-wubusa.Igishushanyo cya 6 (a) cyerekana imirongo yumuriro wamashanyarazi ikorwa hagati yamaboko yombi ya dipole mugihe imirongo yumuriro wamashanyarazi igenda hanze na λ ∕ 4 mugihembwe cyambere cyizunguruka.Kurugero, reka dufate ko umubare wumurongo wumuriro wamashanyarazi wakozwe ari 3. Mugihembwe gikurikiraho cyumuzingi, imirongo itatu yumuriro wamashanyarazi yimura indi λ ∕ 4 (yose hamwe λ ∕ 2 uhereye aho itangiriye), n'ubucucike bw'amafaranga ku kiyobora butangira kugabanuka.Irashobora gufatwa nkigikorwa cyo gutangiza ibirego binyuranye, bivanaho amafaranga yumuyobozi uyobora igice cyambere cyikizamini.Imirongo yumuriro wamashanyarazi itangwa nuburyo butandukanye ni 3 kandi yimura intera ya λ ∕ 4, igaragazwa numurongo utudomo mumashusho 6 (b).
Igisubizo cyanyuma nuko hariho imirongo itatu yamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi mumurongo wambere λ ∕ 4 numubare umwe wumurongo wamashanyarazi uzamuka mumurongo wa kabiri λ ∕ 4.Kubera ko nta anteni yishyurwa kuri antenne, imirongo yumuriro wamashanyarazi igomba guhatirwa gutandukana nuyobora hanyuma igahuza hamwe kugirango ikore umugozi ufunze.Ibi birerekanwa mu gishushanyo cya 6 (c).Igice cya kabiri, inzira imwe yumubiri irakurikizwa, ariko menya ko icyerekezo kinyuranye.Nyuma yibyo, inzira irasubirwamo kandi irakomeza ubuziraherezo, ikora amashanyarazi yagabanijwe asa nishusho ya 4.
Igicapo 6
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, nyamuneka sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-20-2024
