1. Intangiriro kuri Antene
Antenne ni inzibacyuho hagati yumwanya wubusa numurongo wohereza, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1. Umurongo wohereza urashobora kuba muburyo bwumurongo wa coaxial cyangwa umuyoboro wuzuye (waveguide), ukoreshwa mu kohereza ingufu za electroniki ya magneti. kuri antenne, cyangwa kuva kuri antenne kugeza kubakira.Iyambere ni antenne yanduza, naho iyakirwaantenna.
Igishushanyo 1 Inzira yo gukwirakwiza ingufu za Electromagnetic
Ihererekanyabubasha rya sisitemu ya antenna muburyo bwo kohereza bwa shusho ya 1 ihagarariwe na Thevenin ihwanye nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2, aho inkomoko ihagarariwe na generator yerekana ibimenyetso byiza, umurongo wohereza ugaragazwa numurongo ufite inzitizi Zc, na antenne igereranwa numutwaro ZA [ZA = (RL + Rr) + jXA].Kurwanya imizigo RL yerekana igihombo hamwe na dielectric igihombo kijyanye nimiterere ya antene, mugihe Rr igereranya imishwarara ya antenne, naho reaction XA ikoreshwa mugushushanya igice cyibitekerezo cyinzitizi zijyanye nimirasire ya antene.Mubihe byiza, ingufu zose zituruka kumasoko yikimenyetso zigomba kwimurwa mukurwanya imirasire Rr, ikoreshwa mukugereranya ubushobozi bwimirase ya antene.Ariko, mubikorwa bifatika, habaho igihombo cyumuyoboro-dielectric bitewe nibiranga umurongo wogukwirakwiza na antene, hamwe nigihombo cyatewe no gutekereza (kudahuza) hagati yumurongo wogukwirakwiza na antene.Urebye inzitizi yimbere yinkomoko no kwirengagiza umurongo wohereza no gutekereza (kudahuza) igihombo, imbaraga ntarengwa zitangwa kuri antenne ihuza conjugate.
Igishushanyo 2
Kubera kudahuza umurongo wogukwirakwiza na antene, umuraba wagaragajwe uva kuri interineti urengerwa nibyabaye kuva aho biva kugeza kuri antenne kugirango bibe umuraba uhagaze, ugereranya ingufu hamwe nububiko kandi ni ibikoresho bisanzwe byumvikana.Igishushanyo gisanzwe gihagaze cyerekanwa numurongo utudomo ku gishushanyo cya 2. Niba sisitemu ya antenne idakozwe neza, umurongo wogukwirakwiza urashobora gukora nkibintu bibika ingufu aho kuba umurongo wogukoresha hamwe nogukoresha ingufu.
Igihombo cyatewe numurongo wohereza, antenne hamwe numuraba uhagaze ntabwo wifuzwa.Igihombo cyumurongo kirashobora kugabanuka muguhitamo imirongo yohereza-igihombo gito, mugihe igihombo cya antenne gishobora kugabanuka mukugabanya igihombo cyagaragajwe na RL mumashusho ya 2. Imiraba ihagaze irashobora kugabanuka kandi ububiko bwingufu kumurongo burashobora kugabanuka muguhuza inzitizi za antenne (umutwaro) hamwe nibiranga inzitizi y'umurongo.
Muri sisitemu idafite umugozi, usibye kwakira cyangwa guhererekanya ingufu, mubisanzwe antenne irasabwa kongera ingufu zumuriro mubyerekezo bimwe no guhagarika ingufu zikoreshwa mubindi byerekezo.Kubwibyo, usibye ibikoresho byo gutahura, antene igomba no gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byerekezo.Antenna irashobora kuba muburyo butandukanye kugirango ihuze ibikenewe byihariye.Irashobora kuba insinga, aperture, patch, inteko yibintu (array), icyerekezo, lens, nibindi.
Muri sisitemu yo gutumanaho idafite umugozi, antene nimwe mubice byingenzi.Igishushanyo cyiza cya antenna kirashobora kugabanya ibisabwa bya sisitemu no kunoza imikorere muri rusange.Urugero rwiza ni tereviziyo, aho kwakira amakuru bishobora gutezimbere ukoresheje antene ikora cyane.Antenne ni uburyo bwo gutumanaho amaso yumuntu.
2. Itondekanya rya Antenna
Antenna yamahembe ni antenne ya planari, antenne ya microwave ifite uruziga cyangwa urukiramende rwambukiranya gahoro gahoro gahoro gahoro gahoro gahoro.Nubwoko bukoreshwa cyane bwa antenna ya microwave.Imirasire yacyo igenwa nubunini bwamahembe nubwoko bwikwirakwizwa.Muri byo, ingaruka z'urukuta rw'amahembe ku mirasire zirashobora kubarwa ukoresheje ihame ryo gutandukanya geometrike.Niba uburebure bw'ihembe butagihindutse, ubunini bwa aperture hamwe na quadratic phase itandukaniro biziyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kw'ifuni ifungura, ariko inyungu ntizahinduka hamwe nubunini bwa aperture.Niba umurongo wumurongo wamahembe ukeneye kwagurwa, birakenewe kugabanya kugaragarira mwijosi hamwe nuburemere bwihembe;kwigaragaza bizagabanuka uko ubunini bwa aperture bwiyongera.Imiterere ya antenne yamahembe iroroshye, kandi imishwarara nayo iroroshye kandi yoroshye kugenzura.Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa nka antenne yo hagati.Parabolike yerekana amahembe antenne ifite ubugari bwagutse, lobes yo hepfo hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse bikoreshwa mugutumanaho kwa microwave.
RM-DCPHA105145-20 (10.5-14.5GHz)
RM-BDHA1850-20 (18-50GHz)
RM-SGHA430-10 (1.70-2.60GHz)
2. Antenna ya Microstrip
Imiterere ya antenne ya microstrip muri rusange igizwe na dielectric substrate, radiator nindege yubutaka.Ubunini bwa substrate ya dielectric ni buto cyane kurenza uburebure bwumuraba.Icyuma cyoroshye cyane munsi ya substrate gihujwe nindege yubutaka, kandi icyuma cyoroheje gifite ishusho yihariye gikozwe imbere hifashishijwe inzira ya Photolithography nka radiator.Imiterere ya radiator irashobora guhinduka muburyo bwinshi ukurikije ibisabwa.
Ubwiyongere bwa tekinoroji ya microwave hamwe nuburyo bushya bwo gukora bwateje imbere iterambere rya antenne ya microstrip.Ugereranije na antenne gakondo, antenne ya microstrip ntabwo ari ntoya gusa mubunini, urumuri muburemere, hasi mumwirondoro, byoroshye guhuza, ariko kandi biroroshye guhuza, bike mubiciro, bikwiranye nibikorwa byinshi, kandi bifite nibyiza byo gutandukanya amashanyarazi atandukanye. .
RM-MA424435-22 (4.25-4.35GHz)
RM-MA25527-22 (25.5-27GHz)
Antenna ya waveguide ni antenne ikoresha ibibanza mumiterere ya waveguide kugirango igere kumirasire.Ubusanzwe igizwe nibyuma bibiri bibangikanye bigizwe na flakeide ifite intera ntoya hagati yamasahani yombi.Iyo amashanyarazi ya electromagnetiki anyuze mu cyuho cya waveguide, hazabaho ibintu bya resonance, bityo bikabyara umurima ukomeye wa electromagnetic hafi yicyyuho kugirango ugere kumirasire.Bitewe nuburyo bworoshye, antenne ya waveguide irashobora kugera kumurongo mugari hamwe nimirasire ikora neza, kuburyo ikoreshwa cyane muri radar, itumanaho, ibyuma bidafite insinga nizindi nzego muri microwave na milimetero yumurongo.Ibyiza byayo birimo imirasire ihanitse, ibiranga umurongo mugari hamwe nubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya interineti, bityo ikaba itoneshwa naba injeniyeri nabashakashatsi.
RM-PA7087-43 （71-86GHz）
RM-PA1075145-32 （10.75-14.5GHz)
RM-SWA910-22 (9-10GHz)
Antenna ya Biconical ni antenne yagutse ifite imiterere ya biconical, irangwa numurongo mugari hamwe nubushobozi buke bwimirasire.Ibice bibiri bifatika bya antenne ya biconical birasa.Binyuze muriyi miterere, imirasire ikora mumurongo mugari irashobora kugerwaho.Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mubice nko gusesengura ibintu, gupima imirasire hamwe no gupima EMC (guhuza amashanyarazi).Ifite impedance nziza ihuye nibiranga imirasire kandi irakwiriye muburyo bukoreshwa bugomba gupfukirana inshuro nyinshi.
RM-BCA2428-4 (24-28GHz）
RM-BCA218-4 （2-18GHz)
Antenna ya Spiral ni antenne yagutse ifite imiterere ya spiral, irangwa no kwaguka kwinshi hamwe nubushobozi buke bwimirasire.Antenna ya spiral igera kuri polarisiyasi itandukanye hamwe nimirasire yagutse iranga imiterere ya coil spiral, kandi ikwiranye na radar, itumanaho rya satelite hamwe na sisitemu yo gutumanaho idafite umugozi.
RM-PSA0756-3 (0,75-6GHz)
RM-PSA218-2R (2-18GHz)
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, nyamuneka sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-14-2024
