Antennagupima ninzira yo gusuzuma no gusesengura imikorere ya antenne nibiranga. Dukoresheje ibikoresho byihariye byo gupima nuburyo bwo gupima, dupima inyungu, imiterere yimirasire, igipimo cyumuvuduko uhagaze, igisubizo cyinshuro nibindi bipimo bya antenne kugirango tumenye niba ibishushanyo mbonera bya antene byujuje ibisabwa, kugenzura imikorere ya antene, na tanga ibitekerezo byiterambere. Ibisubizo hamwe namakuru yaturutse mubipimo bya antenne arashobora gukoreshwa mugusuzuma imikorere ya antenne, kunonosora ibishushanyo, kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu, no gutanga ubuyobozi nibitekerezo kubakora antenne nabashinzwe porogaramu.
Ibikoresho bisabwa mubipimo bya Antenna
Kwipimisha antenne, igikoresho cyibanze ni VNA. Ubwoko bworoshye bwa VNA ni icyambu cya VNA 1, gishobora gupima inzitizi ya antene.
Gupima imishwarara ya antene, kunguka no gukora biragoye kandi bisaba ibikoresho byinshi. Tuzahamagara antenne gupimwa AUT, igereranya Antenna Munsi y'Ikizamini. Ibikoresho bisabwa mu gupima antene harimo:
Antenna yerekana - Antenna ifite ibiranga bizwi (inyungu, ishusho, nibindi)
Imashanyarazi ya RF - Uburyo bwo gutera ingufu muri AUT [Antenna iri munsi yikizamini]
Sisitemu yo kwakira - Ibi byerekana imbaraga zakirwa na antenne yerekana
Sisitemu yo guhagarara - Sisitemu ikoreshwa mukuzenguruka antenne yikizamini ugereranije na antenne yinkomoko, kugirango bapime imishwarara nkibikorwa byinguni.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byavuzwe haruguru kirerekanwa mu gishushanyo 1.
Igicapo 1. Igishushanyo cyibikoresho byo gupima antenne isabwa.
Ibi bice bizaganirwaho muri make. Antenna Yerekana igomba kumurika neza mugihe cyizamini cyifuzwa. Antenne yerekana akenshi ni antenne ebyiri zifite amahembe abiri, kugirango polarizasiyo itambitse kandi ihagarike ishobora gupimirwa icyarimwe.
Sisitemu yohereza igomba kuba ishobora gusohora urwego ruhamye ruzwi. Ibisohoka bisohoka nabyo bigomba guhinduka (guhitamo), kandi bihamye neza (bihamye bivuze ko inshuro ukura kuri transmitter yegereye inshuro ushaka, ntabwo itandukanye cyane nubushyuhe). Ikwirakwiza rigomba kuba rifite ingufu nke cyane mubindi bice byose (hazajya habaho ingufu hanze yumurongo wifuzwa, ariko ntihakagombye kubaho ingufu nyinshi muburyo bwo guhuza, urugero).
Sisitemu yo Kwakira ikeneye gusa kumenya imbaraga zakiriwe muri antenne yikizamini. Ibi birashobora gukorwa hifashishijwe metero yoroshye yingufu, nigikoresho cyo gupima ingufu za RF (radiyo yumurongo wa radiyo) kandi irashobora guhuzwa neza na terefone ya antenne ikoresheje umurongo wohereza (nkumugozi wa coaxial ufite N-bwoko cyangwa SMA ihuza). Mubisanzwe uwakira ni sisitemu ya 50 Ohm, ariko irashobora kuba impedance itandukanye iyo isobanuwe.
Menya ko kohereza / kwakira sisitemu akenshi bisimburwa na VNA. Ibipimo bya S21 byohereza inshuro ziva ku cyambu cya 1 kandi byandika imbaraga zakiriwe ku cyambu 2. Kubwibyo, VNA ikwiranye n'iki gikorwa; icyakora ntabwo aribwo buryo bwonyine bwo gukora iki gikorwa.
Sisitemu yimyanya igenzura icyerekezo cya antenne yikizamini. Kubera ko dushaka gupima imishwarara ya antenne yikizamini nkigikorwa cyinguni (mubisanzwe muri coorifike), dukeneye kuzunguruka antenne yikizamini kugirango antenne yinkomoko imurikire antenne yikizamini muburyo bwose bushoboka. Sisitemu yimyanya ikoreshwa kuriyi ntego. Mu gishushanyo 1, twerekana AUT izunguruka. Menya ko hari inzira nyinshi zo gukora uku kuzunguruka; rimwe na rimwe antenne yerekana irazunguruka, kandi rimwe na rimwe byombi byerekanwe na AUT antenne.
Noneho ko dufite ibikoresho byose bisabwa, turashobora kuganira aho twakora ibipimo.
Nihehe nziza yo gupima antenne? Birashoboka ko wifuza kubikora muri garage yawe, ariko ibitekerezo biturutse kurukuta, ibisenge no hasi byatuma ibipimo byawe bidahwitse. Ahantu heza ho gukorera ibipimo bya antenne ni hahandi mumwanya winyuma, ahatagaragara. Ariko, kubera ko ingendo zo mu kirere zihenze cyane, tuzibanda ku bipimo byo gupima biri hejuru yisi. Urugereko rwa Anechoic rushobora gukoreshwa mugutandukanya ibizamini bya antenne mugihe ukuramo ingufu zigaragara hamwe na RF ikurura ifuro.
Umwanya wubusa (Byumba bya Anechoic)
Umwanya wubusa ni antenna yo gupima yagenewe kwigana ibipimo byakorerwa mumwanya. Nukuvuga, ibyerekanwa byose byerekanwe kumurongo uri hafi nubutaka (butifuzwa) burahagarikwa bishoboka. Umwanya uzwi cyane wubusa ni ibyumba bya anechoic, urwego ruri hejuru, hamwe nuburinganire.
Ibyumba bya Anechoic
Ibyumba bya Anechoic ni antenne yo murugo. Urukuta, igisenge hasi hasi byuzuyemo ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya elegitoroniki. Urutonde rwimbere rwifuzwa kuko imiterere yikizamini irashobora kugenzurwa cyane kuruta iyo hanze. Ibikoresho akenshi bifatanyirizwa hamwe muburyo, bigatuma ibyo byumba bishimishije kubona. Imiterere ya mpandeshatu ihanamye yateguwe kuburyo ibyagaragaye muri byo bikunda gukwirakwira mu cyerekezo kidasanzwe, kandi ibyongeweho hamwe uhereye kubitekerezo byose bitunguranye bikunda kongerwaho bidahuye bityo bigahagarikwa kurushaho. Ishusho yicyumba cya anechoic irerekanwa mumashusho akurikira, hamwe nibikoresho bimwe byo gupima:
(Ishusho yerekana ikizamini cya antenna ya RFMISO)
Ingaruka ku byumba bya anechoic ni uko akenshi bikenera kuba binini. Akenshi antenne ikenera kuba ndende yumurambararo kure yikindi kugirango byibuze bigereranye imiterere-yimiterere. Kubwibyo, kuri frequency yo hasi hamwe nuburebure bunini dukenera ibyumba binini cyane, ariko ikiguzi nimbogamizi zifatika akenshi zigabanya ubunini bwazo. Amasosiyete amwe n'amwe akora amasezerano yo kwirwanaho apima igice cya Radar Cross yindege nini cyangwa ibindi bintu bizwi ko afite ibyumba bya anechoic bingana ninkiko za basketball, nubwo ibi bidasanzwe. Kaminuza zifite ibyumba bya anechoic mubusanzwe zifite ibyumba bifite metero 3-5 z'uburebure, ubugari n'uburebure. Kubera ingano yubunini, kandi kubera ko ibikoresho bya RF bikurura bisanzwe bikora neza kuri UHF no hejuru, ibyumba bya anechoic bikoreshwa cyane kuri frequence iri hejuru ya 300 MHz.
Urwego rwo hejuru
Urwego rwo hejuru ni urwego rwo hanze. Muri iyi mikorere, isoko na antenne munsi yikizamini bishyirwa hejuru yubutaka. Iyi antenne irashobora kuba kumusozi, iminara, inyubako, cyangwa ahantu hose umuntu abonye bikwiye. Ibi bikunze gukorwa kuri antenne nini cyane cyangwa kuri frequency nkeya (VHF na hepfo, <100 MHz) aho ibipimo byo murugo byaba bidashoboka. Igishushanyo cyibanze cyurwego rwo hejuru cyerekanwe mubishusho 2.
Igishushanyo 2. Ishusho yurwego rwo hejuru.
Inkomoko ya antenne (cyangwa antenne yerekana) ntabwo byanze bikunze iri murwego rwo hejuru kurenza antenne yikizamini, gusa nabigaragaje gutya hano. Umurongo wo kureba (LOS) hagati ya antenne ebyiri (ushushanywa nimirasire yumukara ku gishushanyo 2) ugomba kuba udahagaritswe. Ibindi bitekerezo byose (nkurumuri rutukura rugaragara kuva hasi) ntabwo byifuzwa. Ku ntera ndende, iyo isoko hamwe na antenne yikizamini bimaze kugenwa, abakora ibizamini noneho bakamenya aho ibitekerezo byingenzi bizabera, kandi bakagerageza kugabanya ibitekerezo biturutse kuri iyi sura. Akenshi rf ikurura ibikoresho bikoreshwa kubwiyi ntego, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bihindura imirasire kure ya antenne yikizamini.
Urwego ruciriritse
Inkomoko ya antenne igomba gushyirwa mumurima wa antenne yikizamini. Impamvu nuko umuraba wakiriwe na antenne yikizamini ugomba kuba indege yindege kugirango ibe yuzuye. Kubera ko antene ikwirakwiza imiraba, antenne igomba kuba kure bihagije kuburyo umuraba waturutse kuri antenne yinkomoko ni hafi yindege - reba Ishusho 3.
Igicapo 3. Antenna yinkomoko irasa umuraba hamwe na serefegitura.
Nyamara, mubyumba byo murugo usanga akenshi nta gutandukana bihagije kugirango ubigereho. Uburyo bumwe bwo gukemura iki kibazo ni muburyo bworoshye. Muri ubu buryo, antenne yinkomoko yerekejwe kumurika, imiterere yabyo igamije kwerekana umuraba wa serefike muburyo bugereranijwe. Ibi birasa cyane nihame ihame antenne ikora. Igikorwa cyibanze cyerekanwe mubishusho 4.
Igicapo 4. Urwego ruciriritse - umuraba wa spherical duhereye kuri antenne yinkomoko ugaragara ko ari planari (yegeranye).
Uburebure bwa parabolike yerekana ibintu bisanzwe byifuzwa kuba inshuro nyinshi nka antenne yikizamini. Inkomoko ya antenne mu gishushanyo cya 4 irahagarikwa kuva kumurika kugirango itaba muburyo bwimirasire igaragara. Hagomba kandi kwitonderwa kugirango hirindwe imirasire iyo ari yo yose (guhuza) kuva kuri antenne ikomoka kuri antenne yipimisha.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-03-2024
