Ubushobozi bwaanteneyerekeza ku bushobozi bwa antene yo guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi zinjira mu ngufu zikoresha imirasire. Mu itumanaho ridafite umugozi, imikorere myiza ya antene igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw'itumanaho ry'amajwi n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.
Ubushobozi bwa antene bushobora kugaragazwa n'uburyo bukurikira:
Ingufu = (Ingufu zitangwa n'imirasire / Ingufu zo kwinjira) * 100%
Muri byo, ingufu zituruka ku mirasire ni ingufu za elegitoronike zituruka kuri antene, naho ingufu zituruka ku mirasire ni ingufu z'amashanyarazi zinjira kuri antene.
Imikorere myiza ya antene iterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo imiterere ya antene, ibikoresho, ingano, inshuro imikorere yayo, nibindi. Muri rusange, uko antene irushaho gukora neza, niko ishobora guhindura neza ingufu z'amashanyarazi zinjiramo ingufu zituruka ku mirasire, bityo bikanoza ubwiza bw'itumanaho ry'amajwi no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.
Kubwibyo, gukora neza ni ikintu cyingenzi cyo kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo gushushanya no guhitamo antene, cyane cyane mu bikorwa bisaba kohereza intera ndende cyangwa bifite ibisabwa bikomeye ku ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.
1. Gukoresha neza antena
Igishushanyo cya 1
Igitekerezo cy'imikorere myiza ya antene gishobora gusobanurwa hakoreshejwe Ishusho ya 1.
Uburyo bwose bwo gukoresha antene e0 bukoreshwa mu kubara igihombo cya antene ku buryo yinjira no mu miterere ya antene. Dukurikije Ishusho ya 1 (b), ibi bihombo bishobora guterwa na:
1. Ukwigaragaza kw'amajwi guterwa no kudahuza neza hagati y'umurongo uyobora itumanaho na antene;
2. Ibihombo bya conductor na dielectric.
Uburyo antene ikora neza bushobora kuboneka muri formula ikurikira:
Ni ukuvuga ko ubushobozi bwose = umusaruro w'imikorere idahuye, imikorere myiza y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'imikorere myiza ya dielectric.
Ubusanzwe biragoye cyane kubara imikorere myiza y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'imikorere myiza ya dielectric, ariko bishobora kugaragazwa n'igerageza. Ariko, igerageza ntirishobora gutandukanya ibihombo bibiri, bityo formula yavuzwe haruguru ishobora kwandikwa ukundi:
ecd ni ubushobozi bw'imirasire ya antene naho Γ ni coefficient yo kugaragaza urumuri.
2. Inyungu n'Inyungu byagezweho
Ikindi gipimo cy'ingirakamaro cyo gusobanura imikorere ya antene ni inyungu. Nubwo inyungu ya antene ifitanye isano rya hafi n'ubuyobozi, ni igipimo cyibanda ku mikorere n'ubuyobozi bwa antene. Ubuyobozi ni igipimo kigaragaza gusa imiterere y'icyerekezo cya antene, bityo kigenwa gusa n'imiterere y'imirasire.
Inyungu ya antene mu cyerekezo runaka isobanurwa nka "inshuro 4π z'igipimo cy'ubukana bw'imirasire muri icyo cyerekezo ugereranyije n'imbaraga zose zinjiye." Iyo nta cyerekezo cyagenwe, inyungu mu cyerekezo cy'imirasire ntarengwa muri rusange ifatwa. Kubwibyo, muri rusange hari:
Muri rusange, bivuga inyungu igereranyije, isobanurwa nka "igipimo cy'inyungu y'ingufu mu cyerekezo runaka n'imbaraga za antene y'icyerekezo mu cyerekezo cy'icyerekezo". Imbaraga zinjiye muri iyi antene zigomba kungana. Antene y'icyerekezo ishobora kuba vibrator, horn cyangwa indi antene. Kenshi na kenshi, isoko y'ingingo idashingiye ku cyerekezo ikoreshwa nk'antene y'icyerekezo. Kubwibyo:
Isano iri hagati y'imbaraga zose zaranzwe n'imbaraga zose zinjiye ni iyi ikurikira:
Dukurikije ibipimo bya IEEE, "Inyungu ntikubiyemo igihombo giterwa no kudahuza kw'impedance (igihombo cyo kugarura ibitekerezo) no kudahuza kw'impande (igihombo)." Hari ibitekerezo bibiri by'inyungu, kimwe cyitwa inyungu (G) ikindi cyitwa inyungu ishoboka (Gre), ibyo bikaba bita ku gihombo cyo kugarura ibitekerezo/igihombo kidahuye.
Isano iri hagati y'inyungu n'icyerekezo ni:
Niba antene ihuye neza n'umurongo wo kohereza, ni ukuvuga impedance y'injira rya antene Zin ingana na impedance Zc iranga umurongo (|Γ| = 0), icyo gihe inyungu n'inyungu ishoboka birangana (Gre = G).
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Kamena-14-2024
