Imikorere ya anantennabivuga ubushobozi bwa antene yo guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi zinjira mumashanyarazi. Mu itumanaho ridafite insinga, imikorere ya antenne igira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yikwirakwizwa no gukoresha ingufu.
Imikorere ya antenne irashobora kugaragazwa nuburyo bukurikira:
Imikorere = (Imbaraga zikoresha / Imbaraga zinjiza) * 100%
Muri byo, Imirasire y'ingufu ni ingufu za electromagnetique zikoreshwa na antene, naho ingufu zinjira ni ingufu z'amashanyarazi zinjira muri antene.
Imikorere ya antenne yibasiwe nibintu byinshi, harimo igishushanyo cya antenne, ibikoresho, ingano, inshuro ikora, nibindi. Muri rusange, uko imikorere ya antenne irushaho kuba myiza, niko ishobora guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi zinjira mu mbaraga zikwirakwizwa, bityo kuzamura ireme ryo kohereza ibimenyetso no kugabanya gukoresha ingufu.
Kubwibyo, imikorere ni ikintu cyingenzi mugutekereza no guhitamo antene, cyane cyane mubisabwa bisaba kohereza intera ndende cyangwa bifite ibisabwa bikomeye ku gukoresha amashanyarazi.
1. Antenna ikora neza
Igishushanyo 1
Igitekerezo cyo gukora antenne gishobora gusobanurwa ukoresheje Ishusho 1.
Antenna yuzuye ikora e0 ikoreshwa mukubara igihombo cya antenne kwinjiza no muburyo bwa antenne. Ukoresheje Ishusho 1 (b), ibyo bihombo bishobora guterwa na:
1. Ibitekerezo kubera kudahuza umurongo wohereza na antene;
2. Gutwara no gutakaza dielectric.
Antenna yuzuye irashobora kuboneka muburyo bukurikira:
Nukuvuga, imikorere yuzuye = ibicuruzwa byuburyo budahuye, imikorere yuyobora no gukora dielectric.
Mubisanzwe biragoye cyane kubara imikorere yuyobora no gukora dielectric, ariko birashobora kugenwa nubushakashatsi. Nyamara, ubushakashatsi ntibushobora gutandukanya igihombo cyombi, bityo formula yavuzwe haruguru irashobora kongera kwandikwa nka:
ecd ni imishwarara ya antenne kandi Γ ni coefficente yerekana.
2. Kunguka no kubona inyungu
Ubundi buryo bwingirakamaro bwo gusobanura imikorere ya antenne ni inyungu. Nubwo inyungu ya antenne ifitanye isano rya bugufi nubuyobozi, ni ibipimo byita kubikorwa byombi no kuyobora. Ubuyobozi ni ikintu gisobanura gusa ibiranga icyerekezo cya antenne, bityo bigenwa gusa nimirasire.
Inyungu ya antenne mu cyerekezo cyagenwe isobanurwa nk "inshuro 4π igipimo cy’imishwarara y’imishwarara muri icyo cyerekezo n’imbaraga zose zinjira." Iyo nta cyerekezo cyerekanwe, inyungu mu cyerekezo cyimirasire ntarengwa ifatwa muri rusange. Kubwibyo, muri rusange:
Muri rusange, bivuga inyungu zigereranijwe, zisobanurwa nk "" igipimo cyinyungu zingufu mucyerekezo cyagenwe nimbaraga za antenne yerekanwe ". Imbaraga zinjira muri iyi antenne zigomba kuba zingana. Antenna yerekana irashobora kuba vibrateri, ihembe cyangwa izindi antenne. Mubihe byinshi, isoko itari iyerekezo ikoreshwa nka antenne yerekana. Kubwibyo:
Isano iri hagati yimbaraga zose zikwirakwizwa nimbaraga zose zinjiza nizi zikurikira:
Ukurikije ibipimo bya IEEE, "Inyungu ntabwo ikubiyemo igihombo bitewe no kudahuza (gutakaza ibitekerezo) no kudahuza polarisiyasi (igihombo)." Hariho ibintu bibiri byunguka, kimwe cyitwa inyungu (G) ikindi cyitwa inyungu zagerwaho (Gre), hitabwa kubihombo / bidahuye.
Isano iri hagati yinyungu nubuyobozi ni:
Niba antenne ihujwe neza numurongo wohereza, ni ukuvuga, antenne yinjiza impedance Zin ingana na Zc iranga inzitizi Zc y'umurongo (| Γ | = 0), noneho inyungu ninyungu zishobora kugereranywa (Gre = G ).
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, nyamuneka sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-14-2024
