Igishushanyo cya 1
1. Gukoresha neza imirasire
Indi ngingo isanzwe yo gusuzuma ubwiza bw'antene zo kohereza no kwakira ni imikorere myiza y'umurabyo. Kuri antene ifite agace k'ingenzi mu cyerekezo cya z-axis nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1, imikorere myiza y'umurabyo (BE) isobanurwa gutya:
Ni igipimo cy'imbaraga zoherejwe cyangwa zakiriwe muri inguni ya koni θ1 ku mbaraga zose zoherejwe cyangwa zakiriwe na antene. Iyi formula yavuzwe haruguru ishobora kwandikwa itya:
Iyo inguni aho amanota ya mbere ya zeru cyangwa agaciro gato kagaragara yatoranijwe nka θ1, ubushobozi bw'umuraba bugaragaza igipimo cy'imbaraga ziri mu gice cy'ingenzi ku mbaraga zose. Mu bikorwa nka metrology, astronomy, na radar, antene igomba kugira ubushobozi bwo gukoresha urumuri rwinshi cyane. Ubusanzwe hakenewe ibirenze 90%, kandi ingufu zakirwa n'igice cy'uruhande zigomba kuba ntoya uko bishoboka kose.
2. Ubugari bw'umuyoboro (bandwidth)
Ubugari bw'umurambararo wa antene busobanurwa nk "uruhererekane rw'umurambararo aho imikorere y'imiterere imwe n'imwe ya antene yujuje ibipimo byihariye". Ubugari bw'umurambararo bushobora gufatwa nk'uruhererekane rw'umurambararo ku mpande zombi z'umurambararo wo hagati (muri rusange yerekeza ku bugari bw'umurambararo) aho imiterere ya antene (nk'impedance y'inyongera, icyerekezo, ubugari bw'umurambararo, polarization, urwego rwa sidelobe, kwiyongera, icyerekezo cy'umurambararo, imikorere myiza y'imirasire) biri mu rugero rwemewe nyuma yo kugereranya agaciro k'umurambararo wo hagati.
． Kuri antene za interineti, ubunini bw'umuyoboro bukunze kugaragazwa nk'igipimo cy'umuyoboro wo hejuru n'uwo hasi kugira ngo ibikorwa byemerwe. Urugero, ubunini bw'umuyoboro bwa 10:1 bivuze ko ubunini bw'umuyoboro bwo hejuru bukubye inshuro 10 ubunini bw'umuyoboro wo hasi.
． Kuri antene za narrowband, bandwidth igaragazwa nk'ijanisha ry'itandukaniro ry'inshuro ugereranyije n'agaciro k'ahantu hagati. Urugero, bandwidth ya 5% bivuze ko frequency yemewe ari 5% by'inshuro hagati.
Kubera ko imiterere ya antene (impedance y'inyongera, imiterere y'icyerekezo, kwiyongera, polarization, nibindi) itandukana bitewe n'inshuro, imiterere ya bandwidth ntabwo idasanzwe. Ubusanzwe impinduka mu miterere y'icyerekezo n'impedance y'inyongera ziratandukanye. Kubwibyo, bandwidth y'icyerekezo n'impedance bandwidth birakenewe kugira ngo hashimangirwe iri tandukaniro. bandwidth y'icyerekezo ifitanye isano n'izamuka, urwego rwa sidelobe, ubugari bwa beam, polarization n'icyerekezo cya beam, mu gihe impedance y'inyongera n'ubushobozi bwa radiation bifitanye isano n'ubugari bwa impedance. Ubusanzwe bandwidth ivugwa hakurikijwe ubugari bwa beam, urwego rwa sidelobe, n'imiterere ya pattern.
Ibiganiro byavuzwe haruguru bifata ko ingano z'umuyoboro w'itumanaho (transformer, counterpoise, nibindi) na/cyangwa antene zidahinduka mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose uko frequency ihinduka. Iyo ingano z'ingenzi za antene cyangwa umuyoboro w'itumanaho zishobora guhindurwa neza uko frequency ihinduka, bandwidth ya antene ya narrowband ishobora kongerwa. Nubwo iki atari igikorwa cyoroshye muri rusange, hari porogaramu aho bishoboka kugerwaho. Urugero rukunze kugaragara ni antene ya radiyo iri muri radiyo yo mu modoka, ubusanzwe ifite uburebure bushobora guhindurwa bushobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya antene kugira ngo irusheho kwakira neza.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-12-2024
