Igipimo cy'ingirakamaro kibara imbaraga zo kwakira antene niagace gatanga umusarurocyangwauburyo bwo gufungura neza. Tuvuge ko umuraba w’indege ufite polarisation imwe n’iya antene yakira ubaho kuri antene. Byongeye kandi, tekereza ko umuraba urimo ugana kuri antene mu cyerekezo cya antene cy’imirasire ntarengwa (icyerekezo aho ingufu nyinshi zakirwa).

Hanyumauburyo bwo gufungura nezaparameter isobanura imbaraga zigera kuri 40 zifatwa n'umuraba w'indege runaka. Rekapkuba ubucucike bw'imbaraga z'umuraba w'indege (muri W/m^2). NibaP_tihagarariye ingufu (muri Watts) ku miyoboro ya antene iboneka kuri receiver ya antene, hanyuma:

Bityo, agace gakora neza kagaragaza gusa imbaraga zigera kuri antene zifatwa n'umuraba w'indege zikazanwa na antene. Aka gace gatuma antene itakaza ingufu (ibihombo bya ohmic, ibihombo bya dielectric, nibindi).

Isano rusange ku buryo antene irushaho kuba nziza mu bijyanye no kwiyongera k'umuvuduko w'umuvuduko (G) w'antene iyo ari yo yose itangwa na:

Umwobo ufatika cyangwa agace gafatika bishobora gupimwa kuri antene nyazo ugereranije na antene izwi ifite uwo mwobo ufatika, cyangwa hakoreshejwe kubara hakoreshejwe inyungu yapimwe n'ikigereranyo cyavuzwe haruguru.

Gukoresha uburyo bwo gusohora neza bizaba ari igitekerezo cy'ingirakamaro mu kubara ingufu zakiriwe ziturutse ku muraba w'indege. Kugira ngo urebe uko ibi bikorwa, jya mu gice gikurikira kuri formula ya Friis transmission.

Ikigereranyo cyo kohereza kwa Friis

Kuri uru rupapuro, turagaragaza kimwe mu bigereranyo by'ibanze mu nyigisho ya antene,Igipimo cya Friis Transmission. Ingano ya Friis Transmission ikoreshwa mu kubara imbaraga zakiriwe na antene imwe (hamwe n'inyunguG1), iyo yoherejwe ivuye mu yindi antene (ifite inyunguG2), bitandukanyijwe n'interaR, kandi ikora ku nshurofcyangwa wavelength lambda. Uru rupapuro rurakwiye gusomwa inshuro nke kandi rugomba kumvikana neza.

Inkomoko ya formulaire yo kohereza

Kugira ngo utangire gusesengura inkomoko ya Friis Equation, tekereza kuri antene ebyiri ziri mu mwanya wigenga (nta mbogamizi ziri hafi aho) zitandukanyijwe n'interaR:

Fata ko （） Watts z'ingufu zose zigezwa kuri antene yohereza. Muri aka kanya, tekereza ko antene yohereza ari ahantu hose, nta gihombo, kandi ko antene yo kwakira iri mu gice cya kure cya antene yohereza. Hanyuma ubucucike bw'ingufup(muri Watts kuri metero kare) by'impanuka y'umuraba w'indege kuri antene yakira interaRantene yo kohereza itangwa na:

Ishusho ya 1. Antena zo kohereza (Tx) na Receiver (Rx) zitandukanyijwe naR.

Iyo antene yohereza ifite inyungu ya antene mu cyerekezo cya antene yakira itangwa na (） ), icyo gihe ikigereranyo cy'ubucucike bw'imbaraga cyavuzwe haruguru kiba:

Ingaruka z'ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko zigaragaza icyerekezo n'igihombo cya antene nyayo. Tekereza ko antene yakira ifite umwanya mwiza utangwa na()Hanyuma ingufu zakirwa n'iyi antene ( ) zitangwa na:

Kubera ko uburyo bwo gufungura neza antene iyo ari yo yose bushobora no kugaragazwa nka:

Ingufu zabonetse zishobora kwandikwa muri ubu buryo:

Ikigereranyo cya 1

Ibi bizwi nka Friis Transmission Formula. Bifitanye isano n'igihombo cy'inzira y'umwanya wigenga, inyungu za antene n'uburebure bw'umurambararo n'imbaraga zakiriwe n'izo kohereza. Iki ni kimwe mu bigereranyo by'ibanze muri iyo nyigisho ya antene, kandi gikwiye kwibukwa (hamwe n'ibyavuye haruguru).

Ubundi buryo bw'ingirakamaro bwa Friis Transmission Equation butangwa muri Equation [2]. Kubera ko uburebure bw'umurambararo n'umuvuduko wa f bifitanye isano n'umuvuduko w'urumuri c (reba intangiriro y'urupapuro rw'umuvuduko), dufite Friis Transmission Formula mu bijyanye n'umuvuduko:

Ikigereranyo cya 2

Ikigereranyo [2] kigaragaza ko ingufu nyinshi zibura ku murongo wo hejuru. Iki ni igisubizo cy'ibanze cya Friis Transmission Equation. Ibi bivuze ko kuri antene zifite inyungu zihariye, kohereza ingufu bizaba hejuru cyane ku murongo wo hasi. Itandukaniro riri hagati y'imbaraga zakiriwe n'ingufu zoherejwe rizwi nka "path loss". Mu buryo butandukanye, Friis Transmission Equation ivuga ko "path loss" iba iri hejuru cyane ku murongo wo hejuru. Akamaro k'iki gisubizo cya Friis Transmission Formula ntigakwiye kurengerwa. Niyo mpamvu telefoni zigendanwa muri rusange zikora kuri GHz iri munsi ya 2. Hashobora kubaho frequency nyinshi ziboneka ku murongo wo hejuru, ariko "path loss" ijyanye nayo ntizatuma habaho kwakira ireme. Nk'inyongera kuri Friss Transmission Equation, tuvuge ko ubajijwe kuri antene za GHz 60. Ubonye ko iyi frequency ari hejuru cyane, ushobora kuvuga ko "path loss" izaba iri hejuru cyane ku itumanaho riri kure - kandi uri ukuri rwose. Ku murongo wo hejuru cyane (60 GHz rimwe na rimwe yitwa "mm" (millimetero wave region), "path loss" iba iri hejuru cyane, bityo itumanaho ryo hagati y'ingingo n'ingingo ni ryo rishoboka. Ibi bibaho iyo icyuma gifata amashusho n'icyuma gitanga amakuru bari mu cyumba kimwe, kandi barebana. Nk'inyongera ya Friis Transmission Formula, utekereza ko abakoresha telefoni zigendanwa bishimiye umuyoboro mushya wa LTE (4G), ukora kuri 700MHz? Igisubizo ni yego: iyi ni inshuro iri hasi ugereranyije n'iy'antene zisanzwe zikora, ariko dukurikije Equation [2], tubona ko gutakaza inzira nabyo bizaba biri hasi. Bityo, bashobora "gutwikira ubutaka bwinshi" bakoresheje iyi frequency spectrum, kandi umuyobozi wa Verizon Wireless aherutse kwita iyi "high quality spectrum", niyo mpamvu. Icyitonderwa: Ku rundi ruhande, abakora telefoni zigendanwa bazagomba gushyira antene ifite uburebure bw'umurambararo mu gikoresho gito (uburebure buri hasi = uburebure bw'umurambararo munini), bityo akazi k'umushushanyi wa antene karagoye gato!

Amaherezo, niba antene zidahuye na polarization, imbaraga zakiriwe haruguru zishobora gukuba na Polarization Loss Factor (PLF) kugira ngo habeho neza uku kudahuza. Equation [2] iri hejuru ishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo habeho generalized Friis Transmission Formula, irimo kudahuza na polarization: