Imiterere yaantene ya microstripMuri rusange igizwe n'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi, radiateri n'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi. Ubunini bw'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi ni buto cyane ugereranyije n'uburebure bw'umurambararo. Icyuma gito kiri hasi ku cyuma gifatanyirizwa n'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi. Ku ruhande rw'imbere, icyuma gito gifite imiterere yihariye gikorwa binyuze mu buryo bwa fotolithography nk'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi. Imiterere y'icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi ishobora guhinduka mu buryo bwinshi hakurikijwe ibisabwa.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza mikoroonde n'uburyo bushya bwo gukora byateje imbere iterambere rya mikoroonde. Ugereranyije na mikoroonde zisanzwe, mikoroonde si nto gusa mu bunini, ni ntoya mu buremere, ni nke mu miterere, ni ntoya mu miterere, ni nziza kuyihuza, ni nto mu giciro gito, kandi ikwiriye gukorwa ku bwinshi, ahubwo inafite ibyiza byo kuba ifite imiterere itandukanye y'amashanyarazi.
Uburyo bune bw'ibanze bwo gutanga antene za microstrip ni ubu bukurikira:
1. (Microstrip Feed): Ubu ni bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo gutanga antene za microstrip. Ikimenyetso cya RF cyoherezwa mu gice cy’antene gitanga urumuri binyuze mu murongo wa microstrip, akenshi binyuze mu guhuza umurongo wa microstrip n’agace katanga urumuri. Ubu buryo bworoshye kandi bworoshye kandi bukwiriye igishushanyo cya antene nyinshi za microstrip.
2. (Aperture-coupled Feed): Ubu buryo bukoresha imyenge cyangwa imyobo iri ku gice cy’ibanze cya antene ya microstrip kugira ngo bushyire umurongo wa microstrip mu gice cy’imirasire ya antene. Ubu buryo bushobora gutanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza impedance no gukoresha neza imirasire, kandi bushobora no kugabanya ubugari bw’imirasire y’uruhande igororotse n’ihagaze.
3. (Proximity Coupled Feed): Ubu buryo bukoresha oscillator cyangwa inductive element hafi y'umurongo wa microstrip kugira ngo bushyire ikimenyetso muri antene. Bushobora gutanga impedance matching nyinshi hamwe na frequency band yagutse, kandi bukwiriye igishushanyo cya antene za wide-band.
4. (Coaxial Feed): Ubu buryo bukoresha insinga za coplanar cyangwa insinga za coaxial kugira ngo bushyire ibimenyetso bya RF mu gice cy’urumuri rwa antene. Ubu buryo busanzwe butanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza impedance no gukoresha neza imirasire, kandi bukwiriye cyane cyane mu bihe aho hakenewe ihuriro rimwe rya antene.
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga amashanyarazi buzagira ingaruka ku guhuza impedance, imiterere y'ingufu, imikorere myiza y'imirasire n'imiterere y'icyuma.
Uburyo bwo guhitamo aho antene ya microstrip ikorera (coaxial feed point)
Mu gihe cyo gushushanya antene ya microstrip, guhitamo aho antene ya coaxial iherereye ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo antene ikore neza. Dore uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo guhitamo antene za microstrip zitanga amakuru:
1. Uburinganire: Gerageza guhitamo aho antene ya microstrip iherereye hagati kugira ngo antene ikomeze kuba uburinganire. Ibi bifasha kunoza imikorere y'imirasire ya antene no guhuza impedance.
2. Aho amashanyarazi ari menshi cyane: Aho amashanyarazi anyura niho hatoranywa neza aho amashanyarazi ya antene ya microstrip ari yo nini kurusha ahandi, ibi bikaba bishobora kunoza imikorere y’amashanyarazi no kugabanya igihombo.
3. Aho umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ari ntarengwa: Aho umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi unyura hashobora gutoranywa hafi y'aho umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wa antene ya microstrip ari ntarengwa kugira ngo haboneke imbaraga n'ubushobozi bwinshi bw'imirasire.
4. Ingingo y'amashanyarazi ntarengwa mu buryo bumwe: Mu gishushanyo cya antene ya microstrip, niba ushaka kugera ku mirasire ya single mode, ingingo y'amashanyarazi ya coaxial ikunze gutoranywa ku ngingo y'amashanyarazi ntarengwa mu buryo bumwe kugira ngo habeho guhuza impedance neza n'imirasire.
5. Isesengura ry'inshuro n'imiterere y'umuraba: Koresha ibikoresho byo kwigana kugira ngo ukore isesengura ry'inshuro n'isesengura ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi/umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi kugira ngo umenye aho umurongo w'amashanyarazi uherereye neza.
6. Tekereza icyerekezo cy'imirasire: Niba hakenewe imiterere y'imirasire ifite icyerekezo cyihariye, aho umurongo w'amashanyarazi uherereye hashobora gutoranywa hakurikijwe icyerekezo cy'imirasire kugira ngo haboneke imikorere y'imirasire ya antene wifuza.
Mu buryo nyabwo bwo gushushanya, ubusanzwe ni ngombwa guhuza uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru no kugena aho umurongo wa coaxial feed uherereye binyuze mu gusesengura simulation hamwe n'ibipimo nyabyo kugira ngo hagerwe ku bisabwa mu gushushanya n'ibipimo by'imikorere ya antene ya microstrip. Muri icyo gihe, ubwoko butandukanye bwa antene za microstrip (nk'antene za patch, antene za helical, nibindi) zishobora kugira ibyo zitabwaho byihariye mu guhitamo aho umurongo wa coaxial feed uherereye, ibyo bikaba bisaba isesengura ryihariye no kunoza hashingiwe ku bwoko bwa antene n'uburyo bwo kuyikoresha.
Itandukaniro riri hagati ya antene ya microstrip na antene ya patch
Antene ya Microstrip na antene ya patch ni antene ebyiri nto zisanzwe. Zifite itandukaniro n'imiterere imwe n'imwe:
1. Imiterere n'imiterere:
- Antene ya microstrip ubusanzwe igizwe n'agace ka microstrip n'agace k'ubutaka. Agace ka microstrip gakora nk'ikintu gitanga urumuri kandi gahuzwa n'agace k'ubutaka binyuze mu murongo wa microstrip.
- Antene zo mu bwoko bwa Patch muri rusange ni uduce duto tw’amashanyarazi dushyirwa ku gice cy’amashanyarazi kandi ntidusaba imirongo ya microstrip nka antene za microstrip.
2. Ingano n'imiterere:
- Antene za Microstrip ni ntoya ugereranyije, zikunze gukoreshwa mu miyoboro ya microwave, kandi zifite imiterere yoroshye.
- Antene zo gushushanya zishobora kandi gutegurwa kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu buryo buciriritse, kandi mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ingano yazo ishobora kuba nto.
3. Ingano y'inshuro:
- Intera y'inshuro antene za microstrip ishobora kuva kuri megahertz amagana kugeza kuri gigahertz nyinshi, hamwe n'imiterere imwe n'imwe ya interineti.
- Antene zo gupakira ubusanzwe zigira imikorere myiza mu mibare runaka y'amajwi kandi muri rusange zikoreshwa mu mikoreshereze yihariye y'amajwi.
4. Uburyo bwo gukora:
- Antene za Microstrip zisanzwe zikorwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya circuit board ryacapwe, rishobora gukorwa ku bwinshi kandi rikagira igiciro gito.
- Antene zo gushushanya ubusanzwe zikorwa mu bikoresho bishingiye kuri silikoni cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byihariye, zifite ibisabwa mu gutunganya, kandi zikwiriye gukorwa mu buryo buciriritse.
5. Ibiranga polarisation:
- Antene za Microstrip zishobora gukorerwa polarization ya linear cyangwa polarization y'uruziga, zigatanga urwego runaka rwo koroha.
- Imiterere ya polarization ya antene za patch akenshi iterwa n'imiterere n'imiterere ya antene kandi ntabwo yoroshye nk'antene za microstrip.
Muri rusange, antene za microstrip na antene za patch ziratandukanye mu miterere, ingano y'ingufu, n'uburyo bwo kuzikora. Guhitamo ubwoko bwa antene bukwiye bigomba gushingira ku bisabwa byihariye mu ikoreshwa n'imiterere yazo.
Inama ku bicuruzwa bya antene ya Microstrip:
RM-MPA1725-9 (1.7-2.5GHz)
RM-MPA2225-9 (2.2-2.5GHz)
RM-MA25527-22 (25.5-27GHz)
RM-MA424435-22 (4.25-4.35GHz)
Igihe cyo kohereza: 19 Mata 2024
