Antene za mikoroonde zihindura ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi mo imiraba ya electromagnetic (n'ibindi) zikoresheje imiterere yakozwe neza. Imikorere yazo ishingiye ku mahame atatu y'ingenzi:
1. Ihinduka ry'Umuraba w'Amashanyarazi
Uburyo bwo kohereza:
Ibimenyetso bya RF bivuye kuri transmitter binyura mu bwoko bwa antene (urugero, SMA, N-type) kugera aho feeder igeze. Ibintu biyobora antene (amahembe/dipoles) bikora imiraba mu cyerekezo.
Uburyo bwo Kwakira:
Imiraba ya EM itera imbaraga muri antene, igahinduka ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi kuri riyakira
2. Kugenzura icyerekezo n'imirasire
Ubushobozi bwo kuyobora antena bupima ubushobozi bwo gushyira urumuri ku rumuri. Antene ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora hejuru (urugero, ihoni) yibanda ku ngufu mu bice bito, bigengwa na:
Igenzura (dBi) ≈ 10 log₁₀(4πA/λ²)
Aho A = agace k'ubuso, λ = uburebure bw'umurambararo.
Ibikoresho bya antene za mikoroonde nk'ibiryo bya paraboliki bigira ubuyobozi bwa dBi burenze 30 ku bijyanye n'ibiganiro bya satelite.
3. Ibice by'ingenzi n'inshingano zabyo
| Igice | Imikorere | Urugero |
|---|---|---|
| Ikintu gitanga urumuri | Ihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi-EM | Patch, dipole, umwanya |
| Urusobe rw'ibiribwa | Iyobora imiraba nta gihombo kinini | Umuyoboro w'amazi, umurongo wa microstrip |
| Ibice bidakora | Ongera ubusugire bw'ikimenyetso | Ibihinduranya by'ibyiciro, polarizeri |
| Ibihuza | Interineti ihuza n'imirongo yo kohereza ubutumwa | 2.92mm (40GHz), 7/16 (Ubushyuhe bwinshi) |
4. Igishushanyo mbonera cyihariye cy'inshuro
< 6 GHz: Antene za Microstrip ni zo ziganza ingano nto.
> 18 GHz: Amahoni ya Waveguide ni meza cyane mu gutuma adatakaza umusaruro mwinshi.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi: Guhuza impedance kuri antene connectors bibuza reflection (VSWR <1.5).
Porogaramu zo mu Isi Nyayo:
5G Massive MIMO: Imiterere ya Microstrip ifite ibice bidakora byo kuyobora imirasire.
Sisitemu za Radar: Antene ifite icyerekezo cyo hejuru ituma umuntu akurikirana neza intego.
Utumenyetso twa Satellite: Utumenyetso twa Parabolic tugira ubushobozi bwo gufungura neza ku kigero cya 99%.
Umwanzuro: Antene za mikoroonde zishingiye ku gupima ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ubwoko bw'amakuru ahuza antene neza, hamwe n'ubuyobozi bwa antene bunoze kugira ngo bwohereze/bwakire ibimenyetso. Ibikoresho bya antene za mikoroonde bigezweho bihuza ibice bidakora kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo no kongera uburebure bw'amajwi.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-15-2025
