Antennainyungu ni ikintu gikomeye muri sisitemu yitumanaho ridafite insinga, kuko igena ubushobozi bwa antenne yo kuyobora cyangwa guhuriza hamwe ingufu za radiyo yumurongo mubyerekezo runaka. Kwiyongera kwa antenne kuzamura imbaraga zerekana ibimenyetso, kwagura itumanaho, no kuzamura imikorere muri sisitemu. Iyi ngingo irasobanura uburyo bufatika bwo kongera inyungu za antenne, yibanda ku mahame yo gushushanya, tekinike nziza, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
1. Hindura igishushanyo cya Antenna
Inyungu ya antenne ifitanye isano rya bugufi nigishushanyo mbonera cyayo. Bumwe mu buryo bukomeye bwo kongera inyungu ni ugukoresha antenne yerekeza, nka Yagi-Uda, ibyuma byerekana parabolike, cyangwa antenna ya patch, yibanda ku cyerekezo cyihariye aho kuyikwirakwiza kimwe mu mpande zose. Kurugero, antenne yerekana parabolike igera ku nyungu nyinshi muguhuza ibimenyetso kumwanya wibanze, bigatuma biba byiza kubitumanaho kure.
2. Ongera Ingano ya Antenna
Inyungu ya Antenna ihwanye nubushobozi bwayo bwiza, bufitanye isano nubunini bwumubiri. Antenne nini irashobora gufata cyangwa gukwirakwiza ingufu nyinshi, bikavamo inyungu nyinshi. Kurugero, antenne yisahani ifite diameter nini itanga inyungu nyinshi bitewe nubuso bwiyongereye. Nyamara, ubu buryo bugarukira ku mbogamizi zifatika nkumwanya nigiciro.
3. KoreshaAntenna
Antenna igizwe na antenne nyinshi zitandukanye zitunganijwe muburyo bwihariye. Muguhuza ibimenyetso biva muribi bintu, umurongo urashobora kugera kunguka no kuyobora. Icyiciro cya antenne yicyiciro, kurugero, koresha tekinike yo guhinduranya icyiciro kugirango uyobore urumuri rwa elegitoronike, rutanga inyungu nyinshi kandi zihindagurika mubyerekezo.
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4. Kunoza imikorere y'ibiryo
Sisitemu yo kugaburira, ihererekanya ingufu hagati ya transmitter / yakira na antene, igira uruhare runini muguhitamo inyungu. Gukoresha ibikoresho bitakaza igihombo no gutezimbere urusobe rwibiryo birashobora kugabanya gutakaza ingufu no kunoza imikorere muri rusange. Kurugero, insinga za coaxial hamwe na attenuation yo hasi cyangwa ibiryo bya waveguide birashobora kongera imikorere.
5. Kugabanya Igihombo
Igihombo muri sisitemu ya antenne, nko gutakaza igihombo, igihombo cya dielectric, hamwe no kudahuza, birashobora kugabanya inyungu cyane. Gukoresha ibikoresho bitwara ibintu byinshi (urugero, umuringa cyangwa aluminium) muburyo bwa antenne hamwe nibikoresho bya dielectric bitakaza igihombo gito bishobora kugabanya ibyo bihombo. Byongeye kandi, kwemeza impedance ikwiye ihuza antene n'umurongo wohereza byongera imbaraga zohereza kandi byongera inyungu.
6. Koresha Abayobora n'abayobozi
Muri antenne yicyerekezo nka anteni ya Yagi-Uda, ibyuma byerekana nubuyobozi bikoreshwa mukuzamura inyungu. Ibitekerezo bishyirwa inyuma yumuriro kugirango uyohereze ingufu imbere, mugihe abayobozi bahagaze imbere kugirango bereke urumuri imbere. Gutandukanya neza no gupima ibyo bintu birashobora kunoza cyane inyungu no kuyobora.
Umwanzuro
Kongera inyungu za antenne bikubiyemo guhuza neza, guhitamo ibikoresho, hamwe nubuhanga buhanitse. Mugutezimbere antenne yimiterere yumubiri, kugabanya igihombo, no gukoresha tekinoroji nka antenna ya array hamwe na beamforming, birashoboka kugera kubintu byingenzi byunguka mubikorwa hamwe na sisitemu rusange. Iterambere ningirakamaro kuri porogaramu kuva itumanaho ridafite umugozi kugeza radar na sisitemu ya satelite.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, nyamuneka sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-21-2025
