AntenaInyungu ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu itumanaho ridafite umugozi, kuko rigena ubushobozi bwa antene bwo kuyobora cyangwa gushyira ingufu za radiyo mu cyerekezo runaka. Inyungu nyinshi za antene zinoza imbaraga z'amajwi, zongera urwego rw'itumanaho, kandi zikongera imikorere ya sisitemu muri rusange. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma uburyo bufatika bwo kongera inyungu za antene, yibanda ku mahame y'igishushanyo, uburyo bwo kunoza, n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
1. Kunoza igishushanyo cya Antena
Inyungu ya antene ifitanye isano rya bugufi n'imiterere yayo. Bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kongera inyungu ni ugukoresha antene y'icyerekezo, nka Yagi-Uda, reflector parabolic, cyangwa antene ya patch, yibanda ku ngufu mu cyerekezo runaka aho kuzishyira mu cyerekezo kimwe mu byerekezo byose. Urugero, antene za reflector parabolic zigira inyungu nyinshi binyuze mu gushyira ibimenyetso ku gice cy'ingenzi, bigatuma ziba nziza mu itumanaho rya kure.
2. Ongera ingano ya Antena
Ubwiyongere bw'antena bungana n'ubwiyongere bwayo bufatika, bufitanye isano itaziguye n'ingano yayo. Antena nini zishobora gufata cyangwa gutangaza ingufu nyinshi, bigatuma ziyongera cyane. Urugero, antene zo mu gikoni zifite umurambararo munini zitanga inyungu nyinshi bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubuso bwazo. Ariko, ubu buryo bugengwa n'imbogamizi zifatika nk'umwanya n'igiciro.
3. KoreshaAntena Arrays
Antena zigizwe na antena nyinshi zitondetse mu buryo bwihariye. Mu guhuza ibimenyetso biva muri ibi bintu, antena zishobora kugera ku ntera n'ubuyobozi bwinshi. Urugero, antena zigize antena zikoresha uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y'urumuri kugira ngo ziyobore urumuri rw'umurambararo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, bitanga inyungu nyinshi no koroherwa mu cyerekezo.
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4. Kunoza Imikoreshereze y'Ibiryo
Sisitemu yo kohereza ingufu hagati y’icyuma gitanga amakuru/cyakira amakuru na antene, igira uruhare runini mu kugena inyungu. Gukoresha ibikoresho bitakaza igihombo gito no kunoza umuyoboro w’itumanaho bishobora kugabanya igihombo cy’ingufu no kunoza imikorere muri rusange. Urugero, insinga za coaxial zifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya cyangwa zikoresha waveguide zishobora kongera imikorere.
5. Gabanya igihombo
Igihombo muri sisitemu ya antene, nko gutakaza ingufu, gutakaza ingufu za dielectric, no kudahuza neza kw'impedance, bishobora kugabanya cyane kwiyongera. Gukoresha ibikoresho bifite amashanyarazi menshi (urugero, umuringa cyangwa aluminiyumu) mu miterere ya antene n'ibikoresho bifite amashanyarazi make ku bikoresho bifite amashanyarazi make bishobora kugabanya ibi bihombo. Byongeye kandi, kwemeza ko impedance ihuye neza hagati ya antene n'umurongo w'itumanaho byongera ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi kandi byongera kwiyongera.
6. Koresha Abagarura ibitekerezo n'abayobozi
Muri antene zerekeza mu cyerekezo nka antene za Yagi-Uda, reflectors na directors zikoreshwa mu kongera umusaruro. Reflectors zishyirwa inyuma y'ikintu gitanga urumuri kugira ngo ziyobore ingufu, mu gihe directors zishyirwa imbere kugira ngo zikomeze gushimangira urumuri. Gutandukanya neza ibi bintu no kubigabanya ingano bishobora kunoza cyane umusaruro n'icyerekezo.
Umwanzuro
Kongera ubwiyongere bw'antene bisaba guhuza imiterere yitonze, guhitamo ibikoresho, n'ubuhanga buhanitse. Mu kunoza imiterere y'antene, kugabanya igihombo, no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga nka antene arrays na beamforming, birashoboka kugera ku iterambere rikomeye mu bushobozi n'imikorere ya sisitemu muri rusange. Izi nyongera ni ingenzi ku bikorwa bitandukanye kuva ku itumanaho ridafite insinga kugeza kuri sisitemu za radar na satelite.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-21-2025
