Hamwe no kwamamara kwibikoresho bidafite umugozi, serivisi zamakuru zinjiye mugihe gishya cyiterambere ryihuse, bizwi kandi no kwiyongera guturika kwa serivisi zamakuru. Kugeza ubu, umubare munini wa porogaramu ugenda wimuka uva kuri mudasobwa ujya mu bikoresho bidafite umugozi nka terefone igendanwa byoroshye gutwara no gukora mu gihe nyacyo, ariko iki kibazo cyanatumye ubwiyongere bwihuse bw’imibare y’amakuru ndetse n’ibura ry’umutungo mugari . Dukurikije imibare, igipimo cyamakuru ku isoko gishobora kugera kuri Gbps cyangwa na Tbps mu myaka 10 kugeza 15 iri imbere. Kugeza ubu, itumanaho rya THz rigeze ku gipimo cya Gbps, mu gihe igipimo cya Tbps kikiri mu ntangiriro yiterambere. Urupapuro rujyanye nurutonde rwiterambere rugezweho mubipimo byamakuru ya Gbps ukurikije bande ya THz kandi uhanura ko Tbps ishobora kuboneka binyuze muri polarisation multiplexing. Kubwibyo, kugirango wongere igipimo cyogukwirakwiza amakuru, igisubizo gishoboka nugutezimbere umurongo mushya wa interineti, ariwo mugozi wa terahertz, uri mumwanya "wubusa" hagati ya microwave numucyo wa infragre. Mu nama ya ITU ku Isi ya Radiyo Itumanaho (WRC-19) muri 2019, umurongo wa 275-450GHz wakoreshejwe muri serivisi zigendanwa kandi zigendanwa. Birashobora kugaragara ko sisitemu yitumanaho rya terahertz itagikoreshwa nabashakashatsi benshi.
Terahertz electromagnetic waves isobanurwa mubisanzwe nkumurongo wa 0.1-10THz (1THz = 1012Hz) ufite uburebure bwa 0.03-3 mm. Ukurikije IEEE, umurongo wa terahertz usobanurwa nka 0.3-10THz. Igishushanyo 1 kirerekana ko umurongo wa terahertz uri hagati ya microwave numucyo wa infragre.
Igishushanyo 1 Igishushanyo mbonera cya bande ya THz yumurongo.
Iterambere rya Antera ya Terahertz
Nubwo ubushakashatsi bwa terahertz bwatangiye mu kinyejana cya 19, ntabwo bwigishijwe nkurwego rwigenga muri kiriya gihe. Ubushakashatsi ku mirasire ya terahertz bwibanze cyane cyane kuri bande ya infragre. Mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati kugeza mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20 ni bwo abashakashatsi batangiye guteza imbere ubushakashatsi bw’umuraba wa milimetero mu itsinda rya terahertz no gukora ubushakashatsi bwihariye bwa terahertz.
Mu myaka ya za 1980, kuvuka kwimirasire ya terahertz byatumye ikoreshwa ryumuraba wa terahertz muri sisitemu ifatika bishoboka. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 21, ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ryitumanaho ryateye imbere mu buryo bwihuse, kandi abantu bakeneye amakuru ndetse no kongera ibikoresho by’itumanaho byashyizeho ibyifuzo bikaze ku ikwirakwizwa ry’amakuru y’itumanaho. Kubwibyo, imwe mu mbogamizi zikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho rizaza ni ugukora ku gipimo kinini cya gigabits ku isegonda ahantu hamwe. Muri iki gihe iterambere ryiterambere ryubukungu, umutungo wikigereranyo wabaye ingume. Ariko, ibyo abantu bakeneye mubushobozi bwitumanaho n'umuvuduko ntibigira iherezo. Kubibazo byumubyigano, ibigo byinshi bikoresha byinshi-byinjiza byinshi-bisohoka (MIMO) tekinoroji kugirango bitezimbere imikorere yubushobozi hamwe na sisitemu binyuze muburyo butandukanye. Hamwe niterambere ryimiyoboro ya 5G, umuvuduko wamakuru wa buri mukoresha uzarenga Gbps, kandi traffic traffic ya sitasiyo nayo iziyongera cyane. Kuri sisitemu ya milimetero gakondo itumanaho, imiyoboro ya microwave ntishobora gukemura ayo makuru manini. Byongeye kandi, bitewe ningaruka zumurongo wo kureba, intera yohererezanya itumanaho rya infragre ni ngufi kandi aho ibikoresho byitumanaho bihagaze. Kubwibyo, THz waves, iri hagati ya microwave na infragre, irashobora gukoreshwa mukubaka sisitemu yitumanaho ryihuse no kongera igipimo cyo kohereza amakuru ukoresheje THz ihuza.
Umuhengeri wa Terahertz urashobora gutanga umurongo mugari w'itumanaho, kandi intera yumurongo wikubye inshuro 1000 iy'itumanaho rigendanwa. Kubwibyo, gukoresha THz kugirango wubake ultra-yihuta yihuta ya sisitemu yitumanaho itagira umurongo nigisubizo cyizewe kubibazo byikigereranyo cyamakuru menshi, cyashimishije amatsinda menshi yubushakashatsi ninganda. Muri Nzeri 2017, hasohotse bwa mbere THz itumanaho rya terefone ya IEEE 802.15.3d-2017, risobanura guhanahana amakuru ku ngingo mu ntera ya THz yo munsi ya 252-325 GHz. Ubundi buryo bugaragara (PHY) bwihuza burashobora kugera kubipimo byamakuru agera kuri 100 Gbps kumurongo mugari.
Sisitemu yambere itumanaho ya THz ya 0.12 THz yashinzwe mumwaka wa 2004, naho sisitemu yitumanaho ya THz ya 0.3 THz yagaragaye muri 2013. Imbonerahamwe 1 irerekana iterambere ryubushakashatsi bwa sisitemu yitumanaho rya terahertz mubuyapani kuva 2004 kugeza 2013.
Imbonerahamwe 1 Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muri sisitemu yitumanaho rya terahertz mubuyapani kuva 2004 kugeza 2013
Imiterere ya antenne ya sisitemu y'itumanaho yatejwe imbere mu 2004 yasobanuwe ku buryo burambuye na Nippon Telegraph na Telephone Corporation (NTT) mu 2005. Ibikoresho bya antene byatangijwe mu bihe bibiri, nk'uko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2.
Igishushanyo cya 2 Igishushanyo mbonera cy’Ubuyapani NTT 120 GHz sisitemu yo gutumanaho idafite umugozi
Sisitemu ihuza amafoto ya elegitoronike na antenne kandi ikoresha uburyo bubiri bwo gukora:
1.Mu bihe biri hafi yimbere mu nzu, insimburangingo ya antenne ikoreshwa mu nzu igizwe na chipi yumurongo umwe wa fotodiode (UTC-PD) chip, antenne ya planari hamwe na lens ya silicon, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2 (a).
2. Mubidukikije birebire byo hanze, kugirango tunonosore ingaruka zo gutakaza kwinshi no kutumva neza kwa detector, antenne ya transmitter igomba kugira inyungu nyinshi. Antenna isanzwe ya terahertz ikoresha lens ya optique ya Gaussiya hamwe ninyungu zirenga 50 dBi. Amahembe yo kugaburira hamwe na dielectric lens guhuza byerekanwe mubishusho 2 (b).
Usibye guteza imbere sisitemu y'itumanaho 0.12 THz, NTT yanateje imbere uburyo bwa 0.3THz bwitumanaho muri 2012. Binyuze muburyo bwiza, umuvuduko wogukwirakwiza urashobora kugera kuri 100Gbps. Nkuko bigaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 1, yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ryitumanaho rya terahertz. Nyamara, ibikorwa byubushakashatsi biriho ubu bifite ibibi byo gukora inshuro nke, ubunini bunini nigiciro kinini.
Hafi ya antene ya terahertz ikoreshwa muri iki gihe yahinduwe kuva kuri milimetero antenne ya milimetero, kandi hariho udushya duke muri antene ya terahertz. Kubwibyo, kugirango tunoze imikorere ya sisitemu yitumanaho rya terahertz, umurimo wingenzi ni ugutezimbere antenne ya terahertz. Imbonerahamwe 2 irerekana iterambere ryubushakashatsi bwitumanaho rya THz. Igishushanyo cya 3 (a) cyerekana uhagarariye THz itumanaho rya sisitemu itumanaho ihuza fotonike na elegitoroniki. Igishushanyo cya 3 (b) cyerekana umuyaga wogupima umuyaga. Urebye uko ubushakashatsi bugezweho ubu mu Budage, ubushakashatsi niterambere ryabwo nabyo bifite ibibi nko gukora inshuro nke, gukora cyane no gukora neza.
Imbonerahamwe 2 Ubushakashatsi bwiterambere ryitumanaho rya THz mubudage
Igishushanyo cya 3 Umuyoboro wogupima umuyaga
Ikigo cya ICIRO ICT cyatangije kandi ubushakashatsi kuri sisitemu y'itumanaho rya THz. Ikigo cyize isano iri hagati yumwaka ninshuro zitumanaho, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4, muri 2020, ubushakashatsi ku itumanaho ridafite insinga bukunda itsinda rya THz. Umubare munini w'itumanaho ukoresheje radiyo ya radiyo wiyongera inshuro icumi buri myaka makumyabiri. Ikigo cyatanze ibyifuzo kubisabwa kuri antene ya THz kandi itanga antenne gakondo nkamahembe ninzira ya sisitemu yitumanaho ya THz. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5, antene ebyiri zamahembe zikora kuri 0.84THz na 1.7THz, hamwe nuburyo bworoshye hamwe nibikorwa byiza bya Gaussian.
Igicapo 4 Isano iri hagati yumwaka ninshuro
RM-BDHA818-20A
RM-DCPHA105145-20
Igicapo 5 Ubwoko bubiri bwa antene
Amerika yakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubyuka no gutahura imiraba ya terahertz. Laboratoire zizwi cyane za terahertz zirimo Laboratoire ya Jet Propulsion (JPL), Centre yihuta ya Stanford Linear yihuta (SLAC), Laboratoire y’Amerika (LLNL), Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe icyogajuru n’ikirere (NASA), Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubumenyi (NSF), n’ibindi. Antenne nshya ya terahertz ya porogaramu ya terahertz yarateguwe, nka antenne ya bowtie na antenne yumurongo wa beam. Dukurikije iterambere rya antene ya terahertz, dushobora kubona ibitekerezo bitatu byibanze byo gushushanya antene ya terahertz muri iki gihe, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6.
Igicapo 6 Ibitekerezo bitatu byingenzi byo gushushanya kuri antera ya terahertz
Isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru ryerekana ko nubwo ibihugu byinshi byitaye cyane kuri antene ya terahertz, biracyari mubushakashatsi bwambere niterambere. Bitewe no gutakaza cyane no kwinjizwa kwa molekile, antenne ya THz mubusanzwe igarukira kubirometero byoherejwe no gukwirakwiza. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwibanda kumikorere yo hasi murwego rwa THz. Ubushakashatsi bwa antera ya terahertz yibanze cyane cyane ku kuzamura inyungu ukoresheje antenne ya dielectric lens, nibindi, no kunoza itumanaho ukoresheje algorithm ikwiye. Mubyongeyeho, uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere ya terahertz antenna ipakira nayo nikibazo cyihutirwa.
Jenerali THz antene
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa antenne ya THz iraboneka: antenne ya dipole hamwe nu mwobo wa conical, imirongo yerekana imfuruka, dipole ya bowtie, dielectric lens planar antenne, antenne ya fotokonductive yo kubyara amasoko yimirasire ya THz, antenne yamahembe, antenne ya THz ishingiye kubikoresho bya graphene, nibindi. ibikoresho bikoreshwa mugukora antene ya THz, birashobora kugabanywa hafi ya antenne yicyuma (cyane cyane antenne yamahembe), antenne ya dielectric (lens antenna), na antenne nshya yibikoresho. Iki gice kibanza gutanga isesengura ryibanze rya antenne, hanyuma mugice gikurikira, antenne eshanu zisanzwe za THz zitangizwa muburyo burambuye kandi zigasesengurwa byimbitse.
1. Antenne yicyuma
Antenna yamahembe ni antenne isanzwe yicyuma yagenewe gukora mumatsinda ya THz. Antenna ya milimetero isanzwe yakira imashini ni ihembe. Antenne ikosowe kandi yuburyo bubiri ifite ibyiza byinshi, harimo uburyo bwo guhinduranya imirasire yumuzunguruko, inyungu nyinshi za 20 kugeza 30 dBi hamwe n’urwego ruto rwambukiranya -30 dB, hamwe no guhuza 97% kugeza 98%. Umuyoboro uboneka wa antene ebyiri zamahembe ni 30% -40% na 6% -8%.
Kubera ko inshuro ya terahertz yumurongo ari mwinshi cyane, ubunini bwa antenne yamahembe ni nto cyane, bigatuma gutunganya amahembe bigorana cyane cyane mugushushanya antenne ya array, kandi bigoye tekinoloji yo gutunganya biganisha kumafaranga menshi kandi umusaruro muke. Bitewe ningorabahizi mu gukora hepfo yuburyo bugoye bwo gushushanya amahembe, antenne yoroheje yamahembe muburyo bwamahembe ya conique cyangwa conical isanzwe ikoreshwa, ishobora kugabanya ibiciro nibikorwa bigoye, kandi imikorere yimirasire ya antene irashobora kugumaho neza.
Indi antenne yicyuma ni antenne yingendo ya piramide, igizwe na antenne yingendo yingendo ihuriweho na firime ya dielectric ya micron 1.2 kandi igahagarikwa mu cyuho kirekire cyometse kuri wafer ya silicon, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 7. Iyi antenne ni imiterere ifunguye ari bihujwe na diode ya Schottky. Bitewe nuburyo bworoshye ugereranije nibisabwa byo gukora bike, birashobora gukoreshwa mumirongo yumurongo uri hejuru ya 0.6 THz. Nyamara, urwego rwa sidelobe hamwe na cross-polarisation ya antenne ni ndende, birashoboka bitewe nuburyo bwafunguye. Kubwibyo, imikorere yayo yo guhuza ni mike (hafi 50%).
Igicapo 7 Antenna igenda ingendo piramide
2. Antenna ya dielectric
Antenna ya dielectric ni ihuriro rya substrate ya dielectric na radiyo ya antenna. Binyuze mugushushanya neza, antenne ya dielectric irashobora kugera kuburiburi ihuye na detector, kandi ifite ibyiza byuburyo bworoshye, guhuza byoroshye, nigiciro gito. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, abashakashatsi bakoze antenne nyinshi zifata umurongo mugari hamwe n’umurongo mugari ushobora guhuza na disiketi nkeya ya antera ya terahertz dielectric: antenne yikinyugunyugu, antenne ebyiri U, antenne y'ibihe, na antenne ya sinusoidal, yerekanwa mu gishushanyo cya 8. Byongeye kandi, antenne igoye cyane ya geometrike irashobora gushushanywa hakoreshejwe algorithm.
Igicapo 8 Ubwoko bune bwa antenne
Ariko, kubera ko antenne ya dielectric ihujwe na substrate ya dielectric, ingaruka yumurongo wo hejuru izabaho mugihe inshuro ikunda bande ya THz. Izi ngaruka zica zizatera antenne gutakaza ingufu nyinshi mugihe cyo gukora kandi biganisha ku kugabanuka gukabije kwimirasire ya antene. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 9, iyo imishwarara ya antenne iruta inguni yo guca, imbaraga zayo zigarukira muri dielectric substrate kandi igahuzwa nuburyo bwa substrate.
Igicapo 9 Ingaruka ya Antenna
Mugihe umubyimba wa substrate wiyongera, umubare wuburyo bwo murwego rwohejuru uriyongera, kandi guhuza hagati ya antenne na substrate byiyongera, bikaviramo gutakaza ingufu. Kugirango ugabanye imbaraga zo hejuru yubuso, hariho gahunda eshatu zo gutezimbere:
1) Fata lens kuri antenne kugirango wongere inyungu ukoresheje ibiranga urumuri rwumuriro wa electronique.
2) Kugabanya umubyimba wa substrate kugirango uhagarike ibisekuruza byurwego rwohejuru rwuburyo bwa electromagnetic waves.
3) Simbuza ibikoresho bya dielectric ya substrate nu cyuho cya electromagnetic bande (EBG). Ikibanza cyo gushungura kiranga EBG kirashobora guhagarika uburyo bwo hejuru.
3. Antene nshya yibikoresho
Usibye antene ebyiri zavuzwe haruguru, hari na antenne ya terahertz ikozwe mubikoresho bishya. Kurugero, muri 2006, Jin Hao n'abandi. yatanze antenne ya karubone nanotube. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 10 (a), dipole ikozwe muri carbone nanotube aho kuba ibyuma. Yize yitonze imiterere ya infragre na optique ya antenne ya karubone nanotube ya dipole maze aganira ku bintu rusange biranga antenna ya karubone nanotube ya dipole ndende, urugero nko kwinjiza ibintu, gukwirakwiza ubu, kunguka, gukora neza no kwerekana imishwarara. Igicapo 10 (b) cerekana isano iri hagati yo kwinjiza inzitizi ninshuro ya karubone nanotube dipole antenna. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 10 (b), igice cyibitekerezo cyo kwinjiza inzitizi gifite zeru nyinshi kumurongo mwinshi. Ibi byerekana ko antenne ishobora kugera kuri resonans nyinshi kuri radiyo zitandukanye. Biragaragara, antenne ya karubone nanotube yerekana resonance murwego runaka (munsi ya THz yo hasi), ariko ntishobora kumvikana rwose hanze yuru rwego.
Igishushanyo 10 (a) Antenna ya Carbone nanotube dipole. (b) Kwinjiza impedance-inshuro yo kugabanuka
Mu mwaka wa 2012, Samir F. Mahmoud na Ayed R. AlAjmi basabye ko hubakwa antenna nshya ya terahertz ishingiye kuri karubone ya karubone, igizwe n’uruzitiro rwa nanotube ya karubone ipfunyitse mu byiciro bibiri bya dielectric. Igice cya dielectric imbere ni dielectric foam layer, naho dielectric layer ni metamaterial layer. Imiterere yihariye irerekanwa mu gishushanyo cya 11. Binyuze mu igeragezwa, imikorere yimirasire ya antenne yatejwe imbere ugereranije na karubone imwe ya karubone.
Igicapo 11 Antenna nshya ya terahertz ishingiye kuri carbone nanotubes
Ibikoresho bishya bya terahertz antenne byavuzwe haruguru nibyinshi-bitatu. Mu rwego rwo kunoza umurongo wa antenne no gukora antene ihuye, antenne planar graphene yitabiriwe n'abantu benshi. Graphene ifite imbaraga zidasanzwe zo gukomeza kugenzura kandi irashobora kubyara plasma yo hejuru muguhindura bias voltage. Plasma yubuso ibaho kumurongo uri hagati ya dielectric nziza ihoraho (nka Si, SiO2, nibindi) hamwe na dielectric ihoraho substrate (nkibyuma byagaciro, graphene, nibindi). Hano hari umubare munini wa "electroni yubusa" mu bayobora nkibyuma byagaciro na graphene. Izi electroni z'ubuntu nazo zitwa plasmas. Bitewe numurima ushobora kuvamo mumashanyarazi, iyi plasmas ihagaze neza kandi ntabwo ihungabanijwe nisi. Iyo ibyabaye ingufu za electroniki ya magnetiki ihujwe niyi plasmas, plasmas izatandukana na reta ihagaze kandi iranyeganyega. Nyuma yo guhinduka, uburyo bwa electromagnetique bugizwe na magnetiki ihindagurika kuri interineti. Ukurikije ibisobanuro byerekana isano yo gukwirakwiza ibyuma bya plasma yubuso bwa moderi ya Drude, ibyuma ntibishobora guhuza hamwe numuraba wa electromagnetique mumwanya wubusa kandi bigahindura ingufu. Birakenewe gukoresha ibindi bikoresho kugirango ushimishe hejuru ya plasma waves. Ubuso bwa plasma yumurongo ubora vuba muburyo bubangikanye nicyuma-substrate yimbere. Iyo umuyobozi w'icyuma ayobora mu cyerekezo perpendicular ku buso, ingaruka y'uruhu ibaho. Biragaragara, kubera ubunini buke bwa antenne, hari ingaruka zuruhu mumurongo mwinshi, bigatuma imikorere ya antenne igabanuka cyane kandi ntishobora kuzuza ibisabwa na antera ya terahertz. Ubuso bwa plasmon ya graphene ntabwo ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo guhuza no gutakaza hasi, ariko kandi ishyigikira guhuza amashanyarazi bikomeje. Mubyongeyeho, graphene ifite ibintu byoroshye muri bande ya terahertz. Kubwibyo, buhoro buhoro gukwirakwiza bifitanye isano na plasma muburyo bwa terahertz. Ibiranga byerekana neza ko bishoboka graphene yo gusimbuza ibikoresho byuma muri bande ya terahertz.
Ukurikije imyitwarire ya polarisiyasi ya graphene yubuso bwa plasmon, Igicapo 12 kirerekana ubwoko bushya bwa antenna ya strip, kandi bugaragaza imiterere yumurongo wimiterere yikwirakwizwa ryimiterere ya plasma muri graphene. Igishushanyo mbonera cya antenna ihindagurika itanga uburyo bushya bwo kwiga ibiranga ikwirakwizwa ryibintu bishya bya terahertz.
Igicapo 12 Antenna nshya
Usibye gushakisha ibice bishya bya terahertz antenna, graphene nanopatch terahertz antenne irashobora kandi gushushanywa nkibikoresho byo kubaka terahertz byinshi-byinjiza byinshi-bisohora sisitemu yo gutumanaho antenna. Imiterere ya antenne igaragara ku gishushanyo cya 13. Ukurikije imiterere yihariye ya graphene nanopatch antenne, ibintu bya antenne bifite ibipimo bya micron. Imyuka ya chimique yashizwemo ihuza amashusho atandukanye ya graphene kumurongo muto wa nikel hanyuma ikohereza muri substrate iyariyo yose. Muguhitamo umubare ukwiye wibigize no guhindura amashanyarazi ya electrostatike bias, icyerekezo cyimirasire gishobora guhinduka neza, bigatuma sisitemu ihinduka.
Igicapo 13 Graphene nanopatch terahertz antenna array
Ubushakashatsi bwibikoresho bishya ni icyerekezo gishya. Biteganijwe ko guhanga ibikoresho byacitse ku mbibi za antene gakondo no guteza imbere antenne nshya zitandukanye, nka metamateriali yongeye guhindurwa, ibikoresho bibiri (2D), nibindi, ariko, ubu bwoko bwa antene bushingiye ahanini ku guhanga udushya. ibikoresho no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ritunganijwe. Ibyo ari byo byose, iterambere rya antera ya terahertz risaba ibikoresho bishya, tekinoroji itunganijwe neza hamwe nuburyo bwo gushushanya ibishya kugirango byuzuze inyungu nyinshi, igiciro gito kandi cyagutse cyagutse cya antene ya terahertz.
Ibikurikira byerekana amahame shingiro yubwoko butatu bwa antera ya terahertz: antenne yicyuma, antenne ya dielectric na antenne nshya yibikoresho, ikanasesengura itandukaniro ryayo nibyiza nibibi.
1. Antenna yicyuma: geometrie iroroshye, yoroshye kuyitunganya, igiciro gito ugereranije, nibisabwa bike kubikoresho byubutaka. Nyamara, antenne yicyuma ikoresha uburyo bwa mehaniki kugirango ihindure umwanya wa antenne, ikunda kwibeshya. Niba ihinduka ridakwiriye, imikorere ya antenne izagabanuka cyane. Nubwo antenne yicyuma ari ntoya mubunini, biragoye guterana hamwe numuzunguruko.
2. Antenna ya dielectric: Antenna ya dielectric antenne ifite inzitizi nkeya yo kwinjiza, biroroshye guhuza na disikete ntoya, kandi biroroshye guhuza numuyoboro wa planari. Imiterere ya geometrike ya antenne ya dielectric ikubiyemo imiterere yikinyugunyugu, imiterere ya U U, imiterere isanzwe ya logarithmic hamwe na sine ya logarithmic. Nyamara, antenne ya dielectric nayo ifite inenge yica, aribyo ingaruka yumuraba wubutaka uterwa na substrate yibyibushye. Igisubizo nugupakira lens no gusimbuza dielectric substrate nuburyo bwa EBG. Ibisubizo byombi bisaba guhanga udushya no gukomeza kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryibikoresho nibikoresho, ariko imikorere yabo myiza (nka byose hamwe no guhagarika umuyaga hejuru) irashobora gutanga ibitekerezo bishya kubushakashatsi bwa antene ya terahertz.
3. Antenne nshya yibikoresho: Kugeza ubu, antene nshya ya dipole ikozwe muri karubone ya karubone hamwe na antenne nshya ikozwe muri metamaterial. Ibikoresho bishya birashobora kuzana imikorere mishya, ariko ikigaragara ni udushya twibikoresho siyanse. Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi kuri antenne nshya yibikoresho buracyari mubushakashatsi, kandi tekinoroji nyinshi zingenzi ntabwo zikuze bihagije.
Muri make, ubwoko butandukanye bwa antera ya terahertz irashobora gutoranywa ukurikije ibisabwa:
1) Niba hakenewe igishushanyo cyoroshye nigiciro gito cyo gukora, antenne yicyuma irashobora gutoranywa.
2) Niba bikenewe kwishyira hamwe hamwe no kwinjiza bike bikenewe, antenne ya dielectric irashobora gutoranywa.
3) Niba hari intambwe ikenewe mubikorwa, antene nshya yibikoresho irashobora gutoranywa.
Ibishushanyo byavuzwe haruguru birashobora kandi guhinduka ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye. Kurugero, ubwoko bubiri bwa antene burashobora guhuzwa kugirango bunguke byinshi, ariko uburyo bwo guterana hamwe nubuhanga bwo gushushanya bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa bikomeye.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, nyamuneka sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-02-2024
