Intera y'itumanaho sisitemu y'itumanaho idafite umugozi ishobora kugeraho igenwa nibintu bitandukanye nkibikoresho bitandukanye bigize sisitemu nibidukikije byitumanaho. Isano iri hagati yabo irashobora kugaragazwa nintera ikurikira itumanaho.
Niba imbaraga zo kohereza ibikoresho byogukwirakwiza sisitemu yitumanaho ari PT, inyungu ya antenne yohereza ni GT, naho uburebure bwumurongo ni λ. Ibyiyumvo byakira ibikoresho byakira ni PR, inyungu ya antenne yakira ni GR, kandi intera iri hagati yo kwakira no kohereza antenne ni R, mu ntera igaragara no mu bidukikije nta interineti ikora, umubano ukurikira urahari:
PT (dBm) -R L0 nigihombo cya radio mugihe cyo gukwirakwiza.
Mugihe cyo gutegura sisitemu, margin ihagije igomba gusigara kubintu byanyuma, igihombo cya radiyo ikwirakwizwa L0.
Mubisanzwe, hasabwa intera ya 10 kugeza kuri 15 dB iyo inyuze mumashyamba ninyubako za gisivili; intera ya 30 kugeza 35 dB irasabwa mugihe unyuze mumazu ya beto.
Kuri 800MH, 900ZMHz CDMA na GSM yumurongo wa GSM, muri rusange abantu bemeza ko urwego rwakirwa rwa terefone zigendanwa rugera kuri -104dBm, kandi ibimenyetso byakiriwe bigomba kuba byibuze 10dB hejuru kugirango harebwe ibimenyetso bikenewe byerekana urusaku. Mubyukuri, kugirango dukomeze itumanaho ryiza, imbaraga zakiriwe zibarwa nka -70 dBm. Dufate ko sitasiyo fatizo ifite ibipimo bikurikira:
Imbaraga zohereza ni PT = 20W = 43dBm; imbaraga zo kwakira ni PR = -70dBm;
Gutakaza ibiryo ni 2.4dB (hafi 60m yo kugaburira)
Terefone igendanwa yakira antenne yunguka GR = 1.5dBi;
Uburebure bwumurongo λ = 33.333cm (bihwanye na f0 = 900MHz);
Ikigereranyo cyo gutumanaho hejuru kizaba:
43dBm - (- 70dBm) + GT (dBi) + 1.5dBi = 32dB + 20logr (m) dB + 2.4dB + igihombo cyo gukwirakwiza L0
114.5dB + GT (dBi) -34.4dB = 20logr (m) + igihombo cyo gukwirakwiza L0
80.1dB + GT (dBi) = 20logr (m) + igihombo cyo gukwirakwiza L0
Iyo agaciro kuruhande rwibumoso bwa formula yavuzwe haruguru iruta agaciro kuruhande rwiburyo, nibyo:
GT (dBi)> 20logr (m) -80.1dB + igihombo cyo gukwirakwiza L0. Iyo ubusumbane bubaye, birashobora gufatwa ko sisitemu ishobora gukomeza itumanaho ryiza.
Niba sitasiyo fatizo ikoresha antenne ikwirakwiza hose hamwe ninyungu ya GT = 11dBi kandi intera iri hagati yo kwanduza no kwakira antene ni R = 1000m, ikigereranyo cyitumanaho cyongera kuba 11dB> 60-80.1dB + igihombo cyo gukwirakwiza L0, ni ukuvuga, mugihe igihombo cyo gukwirakwiza L0 <31.1dB, itumanaho ryiza rishobora kugumaho mumirometero 1.
Mugihe kimwe cyo gutakaza ibintu nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, niba antenne yanduza yunguka GT = 17dBi, ni ukuvuga kwiyongera kwa 6dBi, intera yitumanaho irashobora gukuba kabiri, ni ukuvuga r = kilometero 2. Abandi barashobora kugabanywa muburyo bumwe. Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko antenne ya sitasiyo ya sitasiyo yunguka GT ya 17dBi ishobora gusa kuba ifite urumuri rumeze nkumufana ufite ubugari bwa 30 °, 65 ° cyangwa 90 °, nibindi, kandi ntibishobora gukomeza gukwirakwizwa hose.
Byongeye kandi, niba antenne yanduza yunguka GT = 11dBi idahindutse mubiharuro byavuzwe haruguru, ariko ibidukikije byo gukwirakwiza birahinduka, igihombo cyo gukwirakwiza L0 = 31.1dB-20dB = 11.1dB, noneho igihombo cyo kugabanuka kwa 20dB kizongera intera yitumanaho inshuro icumi, ni ukuvuga r = kilometero 10. Ijambo ryo gutakaza igihombo kijyanye nibidukikije bikoresha amashanyarazi. Mu mijyi, hari inyubako nyinshi ndende kandi igihombo cyo gukwirakwizwa ni kinini. Mu cyaro cyo mucyaro, amazu yimirima ni make kandi ni make, kandi igihombo cyo gukwirakwizwa ni gito. Kubwibyo, nubwo igenamigambi rya sisitemu yitumanaho risa neza, urwego rwiza rwo gukwirakwiza ruzaba rutandukanye bitewe nuburyo butandukanye mukoresha ibidukikije.
Kubwibyo, mugihe uhisemo antenne zose, icyerekezo hamwe na antenne yunguka cyane cyangwa yunguka make, birakenewe ko utekereza gukoresha antenne ya sitasiyo yubwoko butandukanye nibisobanuro ukurikije imiterere yihariye y'itumanaho rya terefone igendanwa hamwe nibidukikije.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, nyamuneka sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-25-2025
