Iterambere rya Antena za Station Base: Kuva kuri 1G kugeza kuri 5G

Iyi nkuru itanga isuzuma ryimbitse ry’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya antene zo kuri sitasiyo y’ibanze mu itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa, kuva kuri 1G kugeza kuri 5G. Igaragaza uburyo antene zahindutse kuva kuri transceivers zoroheje zijya muri sisitemu zigezweho zifite ubushobozi bw’ubwenge nka beamforming na Massive MIMO.

**Iterambere ry'Ikoranabuhanga ry'Ingenzi hakurikijwe Iterambere**

| Igihe | Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi n'Ibyagezweho | Agaciro n'Ibisubizo by'ibanze |

| **1G** | Antene zikoresha icyerekezo kimwe, itandukaniro ry'ahantu | Zatanze ubwikorezi bw'ibanze; kunoza imikoranire binyuze mu budasa bw'ahantu hamwe n'imbogamizi nke bitewe n'intera nini ya sitasiyo.

| **2G** | Antene ziyobora (sectorization), antene zifite polari ebyiri | Ubushobozi bwo kongera n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza; polariziyo ifite polari ebyiri yatumye antene imwe isimbuza ebyiri, bizigama umwanya kandi bigatuma habaho gukwirakwiza ibintu byinshi.

| **3G** | Antene nyinshi, ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi (RET), antene nyinshi | Yafashije imirongo mishya y'amajwi, yagabanyije ikiguzi cy'aho ikorera no kuyisana; yatumye ikoreshwa neza mu buryo bwa kure rirushaho kwiyongera ndetse n'ubushobozi bwo kongera ubushobozi mu duce duto.

| **4G** | Antene za MIMO (4T4R/8T8R), antene zifite imiyoboro myinshi, imiterere ya antene-RRU | Yazamuye cyane imikorere ya spectral n'ubushobozi bwa sisitemu; yafashije mu guhuza uburyo bwinshi bw'imirongo myinshi hamwe no kwiyongera k'uburyo bwo guhuza.

| **5G** | Massive MIMO AAU (Antena Ikora) | Yakemuye ibibazo by'ingenzi byo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi make n'ubukene bwinshi binyuze mu miterere minini no gushushanya neza. |

Iyi nzira y’ubwihindurize yatewe no gukenera kuringaniza ibisabwa bine by’ingenzi: ubwikorezi ugereranyije n’ubushobozi, gutangiza spectrum nshya ugereranyije n’uburyo ibikoresho bihuzwa, imbogamizi z’umwanya ufatika ugereranyije n’ibisabwa mu mikorere, hamwe n’ubuhanga mu mikorere ugereranyije n’ubuziranenge bw’umuyoboro.

Mu gihe kiri imbere, igihe cya 6G kizakomeza inzira igana kuri MIMO nini cyane, aho ibintu bya antene byitezwe ko bizarenga ibihumbi, bityo ikoranabuhanga rya antene rikaba inkingi y'ingenzi y'imiyoboro ya telefoni zigendanwa yo mu gisekuru gitaha. Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga rya antene bigaragaza neza iterambere ryagutse ry'inganda z'itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa.