Inzira y'ubuyobozi ni ikigereranyo cy'ingenzi cya antene. Iki ni igipimo cy'uburyo imirasire ya antene y'icyerekezo iteye. Antene irabagirana mu buryo bungana mu byerekezo byose izaba ifite icyerekezo kingana na 1. (Ibi bingana na zeru decibels -0 dB).
Imikorere ya coordinates z'uruziga ishobora kwandikwa nk'icyitegererezo cy'imirasire isanzwe:
[Ikigereranyo cya 1]
Imiterere y'imirasire isanzwe ifite imiterere imwe n'imiterere y'imirasire ya mbere. Imiterere y'imirasire isanzwe igabanuka ku buryo agaciro ntarengwa k'imiterere y'imirasire kangana na 1. (Ikigereranyo kinini ni ikigereranyo [1] cya "F"). Mu mibare, formula y'icyerekezo (ubwoko "D") yanditswe itya:
Ibi bishobora gusa nkaho ari ikigereranyo kigoye cy’icyerekezo. Ariko, imiterere y’imirasire ya molekile ifite agaciro kanini. Ikigereranyo kigaragaza imbaraga mpuzandengo zituruka mu mpande zose. Icyo gigereranyo ni igipimo cy’imbaraga z’imirasire zigabanyijwe n’impuzandengo. Ibi biha icyerekezo cy’antene.
Icyerekezo cy'icyerekezo
Urugero, tekereza ku bipimo bibiri bikurikira by'imiterere y'imirasire ya antene ebyiri.
Antena ya 1
Antena ya 2
Izi mbonerahamwe z'imirasire zashushanyijwe ku Ishusho ya 1. Nyamuneka menya ko uburyo bw'imirasire ari imikorere gusa y'inguni ya polar theta (θ) Imbonerahamwe y'imirasire si imikorere ya azimuth. (Imbonerahamwe y'imirasire ya azimuth ntihinduka). Imbonerahamwe y'imirasire ya antene ya mbere ntabwo ireba icyerekezo kinini, ugereranije n'imbonerahamwe y'imirasire ya antene ya kabiri. Kubwibyo, twiteze ko icyerekezo kizaba kiri hasi kuri antene ya mbere.
Ishusho ya 1. Ishusho y'urumuri rw'antene. Ifite icyerekezo cyo hejuru?
Dukoresheje formula [1], dushobora kubara ko antene ifite icyerekezo cyo hejuru. Kugira ngo urebe uko ubyumva, tekereza ku Ishusho ya 1 n'icyerekezo icyo ari cyo. Hanyuma umenye antene ifite icyerekezo cyo hejuru udakoresheje imibare.
Ibisubizo byo kubara mu cyerekezo, koresha formula [1]:
Kubara antene yerekeza 1, 1.273 (1.05 dB).
Kubara antene yerekeza kuri 2, 2.707 (4.32 dB).
Ubwiyongere bw'ubuyobozi bivuze ko antene ifite icyerekezo cyangwa icyerekezo. Ibi bivuze ko antene yakira 2 ifite imbaraga zirenze inshuro 2.707 z'icyerekezo cyayo kurusha antene ifite icyerekezo cyose. Antene ya 1 izabona imbaraga zirenze inshuro 1.273 z'antene ifite icyerekezo cyose. Antene zikoresha icyerekezo cyose zikoreshwa nk'icyitegererezo gisanzwe nubwo nta antene zisanzwe zibaho.
Antene za telefoni zigendanwa zigomba kugira icyerekezo gito kuko ibimenyetso bishobora guturuka mu cyerekezo icyo ari cyo cyose. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, amasahani ya satelite afite icyerekezo kinini. Agasanduku k'isatelite kakira ibimenyetso bivuye mu cyerekezo gihamye. Urugero, niba ubonye isahani ya televiziyo ya satelite, ikigo kizakubwira aho ugomba kwerekeza maze isahani ihabwe ikimenyetso wifuza.
Turarangiza dukoresheje urutonde rw'ubwoko bwa antene n'icyerekezo cyazo. Ibi bizaguha igitekerezo cy'icyerekezo gisanzwe.
Ubwoko bwa antena Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuyobora Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuyobora [decibel] (dB)
Antene ngufi ya dipole 1.5 1.76
Antene ya dipole y'igice cy'umuraba 1.64 2.15
Patch (antene ya microstrip) 3.2-6.3 5-8
Antene y'ihoni 10-100 10-20
Antene yo mu gikoni 10-10.000 10-40
Nkuko amakuru ari hejuru abyerekana, ubuyobozi bwa antene buratandukanye cyane. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ubuyobozi mugihe uhitamo antene nziza kuri porogaramu yawe. Niba ukeneye kohereza cyangwa kwakira ingufu ziva mu byerekezo byinshi mu cyerekezo kimwe, ugomba gushushanya antene ifite ubuyobozi buke. Ingero z'uburyo antene zikoresha ...
Tuvuge ko dushaka antene ifite ubuyobozi buke. Twabikora dute?
Ihame rusange ry’inyigisho ya antene ni uko ukeneye antene ntoya ikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo ubone ubuyobozi buke. Ni ukuvuga ko iyo ukoresheje antene ifite ingano ya 0.25 - 0.5 y’uburebure bw’umurambararo, uzagabanya ubuyobozi. Antene za dipole zo mu gice cya kabiri cyangwa antene zo mu gice cya kabiri cy’uburebure bw’umurambararo akenshi ziba zifite ubuyobozi buri munsi ya 3 dB. Ubu buryo ni buke nk’ubw’icyerekezo ushobora kubona mu myitozo.
Amaherezo, ntidushobora gutuma antene ziba ntoya kurusha kimwe cya kane cy'uburebure bw'umurambararo tutagabanyije imikorere ya antene n'umurambararo w'umurambararo wa antene. Ingufu za antene n'umurambararo w'umurambararo wa antene bizaganirwaho mu bice biri imbere.
Ku bijyanye na antene ifite icyerekezo cyo hejuru, tuzakenera antene zifite uburebure butandukanye bw'uburebure. Nk'antene zo mu gikoni cya satelite na antene z'ihoni zifite icyerekezo cyo hejuru. Ibi biterwa nuko zifite uburebure bwinshi bw'uburebure bw'uburebure.
Kuki ari ibyo? Amaherezo, impamvu ifitanye isano n'imiterere ya Fourier transform. Iyo ufashe Fourier transform ya short pulse, ubona broad spectrum. Iyi gereranya ntabwo iboneka mu kugena imiterere y'imirasire ya antene. Imiterere y'imirasire ishobora gufatwa nk'impinduka ya Fourier y'ikwirakwizwa ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa voltage kuri antene. Kubwibyo, antene nto zifite imiterere yagutse y'imirasire (n'ubuyobozi buke). Antene zifite voltage nini cyangwa amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa Imiterere y'icyerekezo cyane (n'ubuyobozi bwinshi).
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-07-2023
