Ubuyobozi ni ikintu cya antenna yibanze. Iki ni igipimo cyerekana uburyo imishwarara ya antenne yerekeza. Antenne irasa kimwe mubyerekezo byose izaba ifite icyerekezo kingana na 1. (Ibi bihwanye na zeru decibels -0 dB).
Imikorere ya serefegitire ya coheri irashobora kwandikwa nkuburyo busanzwe bwimirasire:
[Ikigereranyo cya 1]
Imirasire isanzwe ifite imiterere imwe nuburyo bwambere bwimirasire. Imirasire isanzwe igabanywa nubunini kuburyo agaciro ntarengwa k'imirasire ingana na 1. (Ikinini ni ikigereranyo [1] cya "F"). Imibare, formulaire yicyerekezo (andika "D") yanditse nka:
Ibi birasa nkaho bigoye kugereranya. Nyamara, imishwarara ya molekile ifite agaciro gakomeye. Ikigereranyo cyerekana imbaraga zisanzwe zerekanwa mubyerekezo byose. Ikigereranyo noneho ni igipimo cyimbaraga zamashanyarazi zagabanijwe kugereranijwe. Ibi bitanga antenna.
Icyerekezo cyerekezo
Nkurugero, suzuma ibice bibiri bikurikira bikurikira kumirasire ya antene ebyiri.
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
Ubu buryo bwimirasire bwateguwe mubishusho 1. Nyamuneka menya ko uburyo bwimirasire ari umurimo gusa wa polar angle theta (θ) Imiterere yimirasire ntabwo ari imikorere ya azimuth. (Imirasire ya azimuthal ntigihinduka). Imirasire ya antenne yambere ntabwo yerekeza, hanyuma imishwarara ya antenne ya kabiri. Kubwibyo, turateganya ko diregiteri iba munsi ya antenne yambere.
igishushanyo 1. Igishushanyo cyerekana imishwarara ya antene. Hoba hari icyerekezo kinini?
Dukoresheje formula [1], turashobora kubara ko antenne ifite ubuyobozi bwisumbuyeho. Kugenzura imyumvire yawe, tekereza ku gishushanyo 1 nicyerekezo icyo aricyo. Noneho menya antenne ifite diregiteri yo hejuru udakoresheje imibare.
Ibisubizo byo kubara icyerekezo, koresha formula [1]:
Antenna yubuyobozi 1 kubara, 1.273 (1.05 dB).
Antenna yubuyobozi 2 kubara, 2.707 (4.32 dB).
Kwiyongera kwubuyobozi bisobanura antenne yibanze cyangwa icyerekezo. Ibi bivuze ko antenne yakira 2 ifite inshuro 2,707 imbaraga zicyerekezo cyimpinga zayo kuruta antenne yose. Antenna 1 izabona inshuro 1.273 imbaraga za antenne ireba byose. Antenne ya Omnidirectional ikoreshwa nkibisanzwe nubwo nta antenne isotropique ibaho.
Antenne ya terefone ngendanwa igomba kugira ubuyobozi buke kuko ibimenyetso bishobora kuva mubyerekezo byose. Ibinyuranye, ibyokurya bya satelite bifite icyerekezo kinini. Isahani ya satelite yakira ibimenyetso biturutse mu cyerekezo cyagenwe. Nkurugero, nubona ibyogajuru bya TV byogukoresha, isosiyete izakubwira aho uyerekeza kandi isahani yakira ibimenyetso wifuza.
Tuzarangiza nurutonde rwubwoko bwa antenne nubuyobozi bwabo. Ibi bizaguha igitekerezo cyerekezo rusange.
Ubwoko bwa Antenna Ubuyobozi busanzwe Ubuyobozi busanzwe [decibel] (dB)
Antenna ngufi ya dipole 1.5 1.76
Antenna ya kimwe cya kabiri cya dipole 1.64 2.15
Patch (antenna ya microstrip) 3.2-6.3 5-8
Antenna yamahembe 10-100 10-20
Kurya antenne 10-10,000 10-40
Nkuko amakuru yavuzwe haruguru yerekana antenna yubuyobozi buratandukanye cyane. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa nubuyobozi mugihe uhitamo antenne nziza kubikorwa byawe byihariye. Niba ukeneye kohereza cyangwa kwakira ingufu ziva mubyerekezo byinshi muburyo bumwe noneho ugomba gukora antenne hamwe nubuyobozi buke. Ingero za porogaramu zo gukoresha antenne nkeya zirimo amaradiyo yimodoka, terefone ngendanwa, hamwe na mudasobwa idafite mudasobwa. Ibinyuranye, niba ukora kure ya sensing cyangwa intego yo kohereza amashanyarazi, noneho antene irayobora cyane. Antenna yicyerekezo cyinshi izagabanya cyane ihererekanyabubasha riva mubyifuzo kandi bigabanye ibimenyetso biva mubyerekezo udashaka.
Dufate ko dushaka antenne yo hasi. Twabikora dute?
Amategeko rusange ya antenna ni uko ukeneye antenne ntoya yamashanyarazi kugirango ubyare umusaruro muke. Nukuvuga ko, niba ukoresheje antenne ifite ubunini bwa 0.25 - 0.5 yumuraba, noneho uzagabanya icyerekezo. Igice cya kabiri cya dipole antenne cyangwa igice cya kabiri cyumurongo wa antenne mubisanzwe bifite munsi ya 3 dB. Ibi ni bike nkicyerekezo ushobora kubona mubikorwa.
Ubwanyuma, ntidushobora gukora antene ntoya kurenza kimwe cya kane cyumurambararo tutagabanije imikorere ya antenne nubunini bwa antene. Imikorere ya Antenna hamwe nubunini bwa antenne bizaganirwaho mubice bizaza.
Kuri antenne ifite icyerekezo kinini, tuzakenera antene yubunini bwinshi. Nka antenne ya satelite hamwe na antene yamahembe bifite icyerekezo kinini. Ibi ni igice kuko ni uburebure bwumurongo muremure.
kubera iki? Kurangiza, impamvu ifitanye isano nimiterere ya Fourier ihinduka. Iyo ufashe impinduka ya Fourier ya pulse ngufi, ubona ibintu byinshi. Ikigereranyo ntikiboneka muguhitamo imishwarara ya antene. Imirasire irashobora gutekerezwa nkimpinduka ya Fourier yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi cyangwa voltage kuri antene. Kubwibyo, antenne ntoya ifite imirasire yagutse (hamwe nubuyobozi buke). Antenne ifite nini nini ya voltage cyangwa ikwirakwizwa ryubu Cyerekezo cyerekezo (hamwe nubuyobozi buhanitse).
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-07-2023
