Mu rwego rwaantene zo mu itsinda, beamforming, izwi kandi nka spatial filtering, ni uburyo bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso bukoreshwa mu kohereza no kwakira imiraba ya radiyo idakoresha insinga cyangwa imiraba y'amajwi mu buryo bw'icyerekezo. Beamforming ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu za radar na sonar, itumanaho ridakoresha insinga, acoustics, n'ibikoresho bya biomedical. Ubusanzwe, beamforming na beam scanning bikorwa binyuze mu gushyiraho isano iri hagati y'ibiryo na buri gice cy'urutonde rwa antene kugira ngo ibintu byose byohereze cyangwa byakire ibimenyetso mu cyerekezo runaka. Mu gihe cyo kohereza, beamformer igenzura phase n'uburebure bw'ikimenyetso cya buri transmitter kugira ngo ikore imiterere y'ubwubatsi n'iyangiza ku ruhande rw'umuraba. Mu gihe cyo kwakira, imiterere ya sensor array ishyira imbere kwakira imiterere y'imirasire ikenewe.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gutunganya Imirasire
Gushushanya imirasire ni uburyo bukoreshwa mu kuyobora imirasire y'imirasire mu cyerekezo cyifuzwa hamwe n'igisubizo kidahinduka. Gushushanya imirasire no gupima imirasire y'imirasire muanteneurutonde rushobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe sisitemu yo guhindura icyiciro cyangwa sisitemu yo gutinza igihe.
Ihinduka ry'icyiciro
Muri sisitemu ya narrowband, gutinda kw'igihe nabyo byitwa phase shift. Ku murongo wa radiyo (RF) cyangwa intermediate frequency (IF), beamforming ishobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe phase shifting hamwe na ferrite phase shifters. Kuri baseband, phase shifting ishobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe digital signal processing. Mu mikorere ya wideband, beamforming ifata igihe niyo ikenewe kubera ko hakenewe ko icyerekezo cy'umuraba mukuru kidahinduka bitewe n'umubare.
RM-PA17731
RM-PA10145-30 (10-14.5GHz)
Igihe cyo gutinda
Gutinda kw'igihe bishobora gushyirwaho hakoreshejwe guhindura uburebure bw'umurongo w'itumanaho. Kimwe no mu guhindura icyiciro, gutinda kw'igihe bishobora gushyirwaho kuri radiyo (RF) cyangwa intermediate frequency (IF), kandi gutinda kw'igihe byashyizwe muri ubu buryo bikora neza ku rugero rwagutse rw'umuvuduko. Ariko, umuvuduko w'umurongo wa scanned array ugengwa n'umuvuduko w'umuvuduko wa dipole n'intera y'amashanyarazi hagati ya dipole. Iyo umuvuduko w'imikorere wiyongereye, intera y'amashanyarazi hagati ya dipole iriyongera, bigatuma ubugari bw'umuvuduko bugabanuka ku rugero runaka. Iyo umuvuduko wiyongereye cyane, amaherezo bizatera imigozi yo gusya. Muri phased array, imigozi yo gusya izabaho iyo icyerekezo cy'umuvuduko w'umuvuduko kirenze agaciro ntarengwa k'umuvuduko w'ingenzi. Iki kintu gitera amakosa mu ikwirakwizwa ry'umuvuduko w'ingenzi. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo hirindwe imigozi yo gusya, dipole za antene zigomba kugira intera ikwiye.
Ibiro
Vekteri y'uburemere ni vekteri igoye ifite igice cy'ubugari bugena urwego rw'uruhande n'ubugari bw'umurambararo mukuru, mu gihe igice cy'uburemere kigena inguni y'umurambararo mukuru n'aho iherereye. Uburemere bw'igice cy'umurambararo wa narrowband bukoreshwa n'abahindura ibice.
RM-PA7087-43 (71-86GHz)
RM-PA1075145-32 (10.75-14.5GHz)
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imirasire
Antena zishobora kwihuza n'ibidukikije bya RF binyuze mu guhindura imiterere y'imirasire yazo zitwa antena zikora neza. Imiterere y'imirasire ishobora kuba irimo matrix ya Butler, matrix ya Blass, na antena za Wullenweber.
Butler Matrix
Butler Matrix ihuza ikiraro cya 90° n'ikinyuranyo cy'impinduka kugira ngo igere ku rwego rwo gukwirakwiza ubugari bwa 360° niba igishushanyo cya oscillator n'icyitegererezo cy'ubuyobozi bikwiye. Buri muriro ushobora gukoreshwa n'igikoresho cyabugenewe cyo kohereza cyangwa kwakira, cyangwa n'igikoresho kimwe cyo kohereza cyangwa kwakira kigenzurwa na switch ya RF. Muri ubu buryo, Butler Matrix ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuyobora umurimbo w'urutonde rw'uruziga.
Brahs Matrix
Matrix ya Burras ikoresha imiyoboro yo kohereza ubutumwa n'udukoresho two guhuza umurongo kugira ngo ishyire mu bikorwa uburyo bwo gutinda kw'igihe mu mikorere ya interineti. Matrix ya Burras ishobora gushushanywa nk'imashini ikoresha umurongo munini, ariko bitewe n'ikoreshwa ry'imipaka irwanya ingaruka, ifite igihombo kinini.
Urukurikirane rw'antene za Woollenweber
Antenne ya Woollenweber ni urukurikirane rw'uruziga rukoreshwa mu gushaka icyerekezo mu muyoboro wa HF. Ubu bwoko bw'urukurikirane rw'antenne bushobora gukoresha ibintu byose cyangwa icyerekezo, kandi umubare w'ibintu muri rusange ni 30 kugeza 100, aho kimwe cya gatatu cyagenewe gukora imirasire y'icyerekezo gikurikiranye. Buri kintu gihujwe n'igikoresho cya radiyo gishobora kugenzura uburemere bw'imiterere y'urukurikirane rw'antenne binyuze muri goniometer ishobora gupima 360° nta mpinduka mu miterere y'urukurikirane rw'antenne. Byongeye kandi, urukurikirane rw'antenne rukora urumuri ruturutse hanze ruturutse ku rukurikirane rw'antenne mu gihe cyo gutinda, bityo rugakora neza.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-07-2024
