Urusobe rw'imikorere rwaantene ya mikoroondebiterwa n'umuvuduko wayo, inyungu, n'uburyo ikoreshwa. Hasi hari isesengura rya tekiniki ry'ubwoko bwa antene zisanzwe:
1. Isano y'umuyoboro w'inshuro n'uruhererekane rw'ahantu
- Antena ya E-band (60–90 GHz):
Inzira ngufi kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru (km 1–3) yo gukoresha 5G backhaul n'itumanaho rya gisirikare. Kugabanuka k'ikirere bigera kuri 10 dB/km bitewe n'umwuka wa ogisijeni. - Ka-band Antenna (26.5-40 GHz):
Imbuga za satelite zigera kuri kilometero 10–50 (kuva hasi kugera kuri LEO) hamwe n’inyongera ya dBi irenga 40. Imvura igabanuka rishobora kugabanya uburebure bwazo ho 30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzAntena y'ihembe:
Ubushyuhe buri hagati (km 5–20) kuri radar na IoT, kuringaniza uburyo bwo kwinjira n'umuvuduko w'amakuru.
2. Ubwoko bwa Antena n'Imikorere
| Antena | Inyungu Isanzwe | Ingano ya Max | Agasanduku k'Ikoreshwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antena y'ibice bibiri | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (isuzuma rya EMC) | Isuzuma ry'igihe gito |
| Ihembe ry'Ingano Isanzwe | 12–20 dBi | 3–10 km | Gupima/gupima |
| Urukurikirane rwa Microstrip | 15–25 dBi | 5–50 km | Sitasiyo za 5G/Satcom |
3. Ishingiro ry'Ibarura ry'Intera
Igereranya ry'ikoreshwa rya Friis transmission equation (*d*):
d = (λ / 4π) × √ (P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Aho:
P_t = Ingufu zo kohereza (urugero, radar ya 10W)
G_t, G_r = Inyongera ya antene ya Tx/Rx (urugero, ihoni ya dBi 20)
P_r = Uburyo bwo gupima igikoresho (urugero, –90 dBm)
Inama y'ingirakamaro: Ku bijyanye n'amasano ya satelite ya Ka-band, shyiramo ihoni ifite ubushobozi bwo gupima (30+ dBi) hamwe n'amasasu amplifier adakoresha urusaku rwinshi (NF <1 dB).
4. Imipaka ku bidukikije
Kugabanya imvura: Ibimenyetso bya Ka-band bitakaza 3–10 dB/km mu mvura nyinshi.
Ukwirakwira kw'umuraba: Urukurikirane rwa microstrip rwa 25 dBi kuri 30 GHz rufite ubugari bwa beam ya 2.3° - rukwiriye guhuza neza hagati y'ingingo n'ingingo.
Umwanzuro: Intera ya antene ya mikoroonde iratandukanye kuva kuri <1 km (ibipimo bya EMC biconical) kugeza kuri 50+ km (satcom ya Ka-band). Hitamo antene za E-/Ka-band kugira ngo ubone ubushobozi bwo gukoresha cyangwa amahoni ya 2–4 GHz kugira ngo ubone ubushobozi bwo gukora neza.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-08-2025
