Radar ya PESA ni iki? Uko ikora n'ibyo injeniyeri zigomba kugenzura

Imashini ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, cyangwa radar ya PESA, ikoresha uburyo bwo kohereza no kwakira RF bukoreshwa mu buryo bungana kugira ngo itange ibintu byinshi bya antene binyuze mu muyoboro w’itumanaho. Impinduka z’impinduka zigenzurwa n’ikoranabuhanga zishyiraho urwego rw’impinduka ku bintu, bityo imirasire ihujwe igakora urumuri mu cyerekezo gitegetswe. Umwobo wose ntukenera kuzenguruka mu buryo bwa mekanike kuri buri mpinduka y’icyerekezo.

Igisubizo cyihuse:PESA itanga ubuyobozi bw'amashanyarazi bufite imiterere ya RF igera ku rwego rumwe. Imikorere yayo nyayo ishingira ku birenze amagambo ahinnye. Abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba kugenzura inyungu y'inguni yo gushakisha, igihombo cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bandwidth y'imikorere, sidelobes, polarization, calibration, duty cycle, term limit of thermal na measurement plane mbere yo gufata icyemezo niba igishushanyo gihuye n'ikoreshwa.

Ibi ni ingenzi kuko ibisobanuro bipimwe gusa kuri boresight bishobora guhisha imiterere igenga imikorere y'urumuri. Inyungu nini y'umuvuduko ntiyerekana uburyo urumuri ruhinduka hafi y'inkombe y'urwego rwa scan. Interineti nini y'imikorere ntigaragaza ko icyerekezo cy'urumuri gikomeza kuba gihamye mu gice cyose. Ibice bikurikira bisobanura uburyo PESA ikora n'ibibazo bigabanya ibyago byo kwihuza.

Ni gute Radar ya PESA ikora

Imiterere ya PESA ishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo butandukanye, ariko inzira y'ibimenyetso akenshi iba irimo ibyiciro bitanu by'imikorere. Sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zikoresha imiyoboro mito cyangwa imiyoboro idafite aho ihuriye, bityo igishushanyo mbonera cy'imirongo kigomba guhora kigenzurwa ukurikije imiterere nyayo.

1. Gukora Waveform no guhindura RF. Imashini ikora waveform ikenewe ikayihindura kuri frequency ikoreshwa. Hanyuma transmitter izamura ikimenyetso ku rwego rw'ingufu zikenewe.
2. Ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu. Umuyoboro w'itumanaho ugabanya ikimenyetso cyoherezwa mu nzira nyinshi. Umuyoboro ushobora gukoresha umurongo w'ingufu, imiyoboro y'itumanaho, imiyoboro igabanya ingufu, imiyoboro ihuza amashanyarazi n'ibindi bice bya mikoroonde.
3. Igenzura ry'icyiciro. Ihindura ry'icyiciro muri buri nzira y'ibintu, cyangwa muri buri nzira yo munsi y'ubutaka, rihindura icyiciro cy'ikimenyetso hakurikijwe icyerekezo cy'umuraba wategetswe. Iterambere ry'icyiciro mu mwobo rigena aho ubwivangavanze bw'ubwubatsi bubera.
4. Imirasire n'imiterere y'imirasire. Ibintu bya antene birasa hamwe. Imirima yabyo yongera cyane mu cyerekezo cyatoranijwe kandi igahagarika igice mu bindi byerekezo, bigatuma habaho imirasire y'ingenzi n'ibice byo ku ruhande.
5. Kwakira no gupima. Ibimenyetso byagaragajwe bigaruka binyuze mu mwobo n'umuyoboro w'itumanaho bijya mu muyoboro w'itumanaho. Amakuru yo gupima akosora itandukaniro ry'icyiciro n'ubwinshi bw'amajwi biterwa n'ubushobozi bw'ibice, ubushyuhe, inshuro n'ubusaza.

Uburyo bwo kuyobora hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bushobora kwimura umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi vuba cyane kuruta kongera gushyira mu mwanya munini. Ariko, igipimo cy'ingirakamaro cyo gushakisha giterwa n'igihe cy'ishusho y'umuraba, igihe cyo kugenzura, uburyo bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso ndetse n'uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa igikoresho cya radar. Umuvuduko wo kuyobora antena wonyine ntugaragaza umubare w'ibipimo cyangwa imirimo radar yose ishobora gushyigikira.

Kuki yitwa Passive Electronically Scanned Array

Ijambo "passive" risobanura imiterere ya RF ku mwobo. Muri PESA isanzwe, ibice bya antene ntabwo buri kimwe kiba gifite module yuzuye yo kohereza no kwakira. Uruhererekane rwa RF rutanga kandi rugakira ingufu binyuze mu muyoboro w'itumanaho, mu gihe ibice bigenzura imiterere y'urumuri bigishushanya urumuri. Uruhererekane ruracyakeneye ingufu z'amashanyarazi zo kugenzura, guhinduranya, gukonjesha n'ibindi bikorwa.

Radar ya PESA nayo itandukanye na radar idakora. Radar idakora ubusanzwe imenya urumuri ruturutse ku byuma byo hanze cyangwa izindi mucyo zitanga amahirwe. PESA ni imiterere ya antene na RF-distribution ishobora gukoreshwa muri radar yohereza amakuru. Guhuza izi nsobanuro ebyiri bituma habaho ibisabwa bitari byo muri sisitemu.

Ni izihe Parametero zigena Imikorere ya PESA

Ibisobanuro by'ingirakamaro cyane ni matrix y'imikorere irenze frequency, inguni yo gushakisha, polarization n'imiterere y'imikorere. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza ibintu bigomba gusobanurwa mbere yo kugereranya arrays cyangwa gusaba ibiciro.

Kuki imikorere ihinduka ukoresheje inguni yo gushakisha

Umwanya ugizwe n'ibice byinshi akenshi uba ukomeye cyane hafi yo kureba inyuma, icyerekezo gisanzwe kijya ku mwobo. Uko umurabyo ugezwa kure, uwo mwobo uteganyijwe uba muto mu cyerekezo cyo gushakisha. Imiterere y'ibintu ishobora kandi gutanga imirasire mike ku nguni yategetswe. Amakosa yo kugaburira, guhuza, kwihanganira imiterere na radome bishobora kongeramo ubundi buryo bwo kugoreka.

Ibisubizo bishobora kuba birimo gutakaza scan, ubugari bwagutse bw'umurambararo, sidelobes zihinduye, cross-polarisation nyinshi cyangwa ikosa ryo kwerekana. Izi mpinduka ntizifatwa n'agaciro kamwe ko gupima boresight. Ku rutonde rugamije gupima ku nguni runaka, saba amakuru y'ubwiyongere n'icyitegererezo kuri boresight, inguni imwe cyangwa nyinshi zo hagati, n'inkombe y'urwego rukenewe. Subiramo igenzura ku murongo wo hasi, hagati no hejuru.

Intera iri hagati y’ibintu ikwiye kwitabwaho cyane. Iyo intera iri hagati y’uburebure n’inguni yo gupima, uduce duto tw’urukiramende tudakenewe dushobora kwinjira mu gace kagaragara. Igishushanyo mbonera cyemewe ku mpera yo hasi y’umurongo gishobora kwitwara mu buryo butandukanye ku nshuro yo hejuru, aho intera imwe igaragara igaragaza uburebure bw’uburebure bwinshi.

Ni gute Bandwidth na Beam Squint bigira ingaruka kuri PESA

Sisitemu nyinshi za PESA zikoresha ibyuma bihindura ibice kugira ngo bikore intambwe y’itsinda ikwiye ku murongo runaka. Iyo umurongo uhindutse, imiterere y’itsinda rimwe ishobora kwerekeza urumuri ku nguni itandukanye. Iyi mpinduka ishingiye ku murongo ikunze kwitwa squint y’umuraba. Ingano y’ingaruka iterwa na bandwidth, inguni yo gushakisha, imiterere n’ubwoko bw’umuyoboro ugenzura imiterere y’itsinda.

Bityo rero, ibisabwa ku murongo munini bisaba ibirenze ibisobanuro bya frequency-range. Saba imiterere y'imirasire, ubwiyongere, sidelobes na polarization ugereranyije na frequency na scan angle. Imiterere imwe n'imwe ikoresha ibintu by'ukuri-time-delay, tekiniki za subarray cyangwa gukosora frequency-dependent kugira ngo igabanye squint y'imirasire, ariko ayo mahitamo yongeraho igihombo cyayo, imiterere, ingano n'ibisabwa mu gupima.

Ni hehe igihombo cya Feed Network gifite akamaro

Muri PESA isanzwe ikoresha uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru buhuriweho, umuyoboro w’itumanaho ufasha mu nzira zo kohereza amakuru no kwakira amakuru. Ibice bigabanya ingufu, imirongo yo kohereza amakuru, inzira zo gukwirakwiza amakuru, inzira zo gukwirakwiza amakuru, inzira zo guhindura amakuru, inzira zo guhindura amakuru, inzira zo guhindura amakuru n’izindi, byose bigira uruhare mu gutakaza ingufu. Iyo kohereza amakuru, ibi bihombo bigabanya imbaraga zitangwa mu mwobo kandi bigatanga ubushyuhe. Iyo kohereza amakuru, gutakaza imbere y’umukiriya bishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kumva no gukora neza.

Agaciro k'igihombo kagomba guhuzwa n'umurongo usobanutse neza. Inyongera ya antene ishobora gukuramo umugozi, umurongo uzunguruka, ihindagurika ry'umuraba, umuyoboro ugenzura ibice cyangwa radome biri muri sisitemu yashyizweho. Mu gihe cyo kwakira, gereranya amakuru yapimwe n'imiterere imwe n'umurongo ugaragaza imiterere yakoreshejwe mu bisobanuro.

Ese PESA isobanura inshuro imwe cyangwa intego imwe

Ibibazo umunani ugomba kwibaza mbere yo gushyira hamwe urutonde rwa PESA

1. Ni iyihe mikorere n'umurongo w'itumanaho uhita ushyirwaho, kandi ni ibihe gaciro by'ingenzi mu gice cyose cyo gushakisha?
2. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gutwikira no gutwikira ikirere bikenewe, kandi se ubwoya bwuzuye bugomba gushyirwaho, buzunguruka cyangwa bugashyirwa ahandi?
3. Ni iyihe mipaka y'inyungu, EIRP, beamwidth, sidelobe na cross-polarisation ikoreshwa kuri boresight no kuri angle ntarengwa yo gushakisha?
4. Ni ubuhe bubasha bw'ingufu, imbaraga mpuzandengo, ubugari bw'ingufu n'uruhererekane rw'akazi bigomba gufatwa n'urusobe rw'ingufu?
5. Ni hehe hari indege zigaragaza imbaraga zo kohereza no kwakira, kandi ni izihe nsinga, umurongo w'ingufu, ubwikorezi bw'ingufu n'ibihombo bya radome?
6. Ni gute urutonde ruzapimwa hakurikijwe frequency, ubushyuhe n'inguni yo gushakisha, kandi ni gute drift izamenyekana nyuma yo gushyirwaho?
7. Ni iyihe connector, waveguide, mounting, radome, ingano, uburemere n'imbogamizi ku bidukikije zikoreshwa mu gushyiraho imiterere?
8. Ni ibihe bipimo bizagaragaza ko byemewe, kandi se ikizamini kizagaragaza imiterere ya polarization y'imikorere, frequency, power na scan?

PESA na AESA bitanga amahitamo atandukanye mu bwubatsi

PESA na radar ikoresha uburyo bwa elegitoroniki busuzumwe, byombi bikoresha uburyo bwa "controlled phase" kugira ngo biyobore imirasire y'inyuma. Itandukaniro ryabyo rikomeye ni aho RF ikora n'aho yakira. Muri rusange, PESA inyuzamo imiterere ya transmitter na receiver ikoresheje umuyoboro w'itumanaho n'uduce duto. AESA ikwirakwiza module nyinshi zikora kandi zigakira mu mwanya wayo cyangwa mu duce duto. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Beamforming—analog, hybrid cyangwa digitale—ni urwego rwihariye rw'igishushanyo kandi ntirugomba gufatwa nk'aho ari kimwe n'itandukaniro rya PESA/AESA.

AESA ishobora gutanga uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha ingufu, uburyo bworoshye bwo guhindura imiterere y'amashanyarazi no gukora gahunda yihuse y'imikorere myinshi, ariko inashyiraho ibisabwa bikomeye mu gukwirakwiza ingufu, gukonjesha, gupima no kugenzura module. PESA ishobora gukomeza kuba ingirakamaro iyo imiterere ya RF ihuriweho n'abantu bose yujuje inshingano n'ibisabwa mu guhuza. Kugira ngo ubone igereranya rirambuye ry'imiterere, soma RF MISO'sKugereranya radar ya AESA na PESAGuhitamo neza bigomba gushingira ku bisabwa bipimirwa aho gushingira ku gitekerezo cy'uko ijambo rimwe risanzwe ari ryo ryiza kurushaho.

Uburyo urutonde rwa PESA rukwiye gupimwa no kwemerwa

Isuzuma ryo kwemerwa rigomba kwigana imiterere ikoreshwa mu bipimo by'imikorere. Nibura, andika amanota y'impinduka, polarization, amabwiriza yo gupima, urwego rw'imbaraga, imikorere y'igenzura, imiterere ya radome n'umurongo ngenderwaho wa RF. Pima cyangwa ugenzure inyungu, ubugari bw'umurambararo, icyerekezo cy'amajwi, sidelobes na cross-polarization ku nguni zigaragaza gupima.

Ingano n'uburyo bikenewe bishingira ku bunini bw'aho umwobo uherereye, inshuro n'aho upimye. Uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya kure, intera nto cyangwa hafi y'aho uherereye bushobora kuba bwiza. RF MISO'subushobozi bwo gupima antenesobanura uburyo bwo gupima bujyanye n'ibyo, ariko uburyo bwa nyuma n'ingengo y'imari idafite ishingiro bigomba kumvikanaho mbere yuko isuzuma ryo kwemerwa ritangira.

Inkunga ya RF MISO yo gusuzuma Array Antena

RF MISO ni uruganda rwa RF na microwave antene rufasha ubushakashatsi ku ntene, gupima no guhuza sisitemu. RF MISO ntabwo igaragaza radar yuzuye ya PESA nk'umusaruro usanzwe wa antene. Ibiganiro bijyanye n'ubuhanga bitangirira ku ruhu rw'antene, ibisabwa ku ruziga n'aho ruhurira bishobora kwemezwa hakurikijwe umurongo wagenwe wa frequencies, polarization, gain, beamwidth na mechanical envelope.

Injeniyeri zishobora gusuzuma RF MISOibicuruzwa bya antene zo mu bwoko bwa 'array'naantene z'imbonerahamwenk'ahantu ho gutangirira ibiganiro ku bice n'aho ibintu biherereye. Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe biboneka ntabwo ari radar ya PESA mu buryo bwikora, kandi kuba bikwiriye bigomba kwemezwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'uburyo bwose.

Ku kiganiro cya mbere cya tekiniki, tanga umurongo w'imikorere, bandwidth yihuse, polarization, inyungu ikenewe, urwego rwo gushakisha, intego yo ku ruhande, imbaraga z'umuvuduko n'impuzandengo, RF interface, ingano y'aperture, imbogamizi zo gushyiraho, imiterere y'ibidukikije n'ibyo umuntu yiteze kugerageza. Aya makuru yemerera itsinda ry'abahanga kumenya antene n'amahitamo yo gupima akeneye isuzuma ryinshi.

Send the project requirements to info@rf-miso.com or hamagara RF MISObinyuze ku rubuga rwa interineti.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

PESA isobanura iki?

PESA isobanura "passive electronically scanned array". Ubusanzwe ikoresha uburyo bwa RF transmit/receive architecture bugereranywa, umuyoboro w'itumanaho n'impinduka z'impinduka zigenzurwa kugira ngo iyobore urumuri mu mwobo wa antene.

Kuki PESA yitwa passive niba yohereza ingufu

Passive isobanura kutagira module yuzuye yo kohereza no kwakira kuri buri gice cya antene. Radar iracyakoresha RF ikoresha ingufu, kugenzura, gupima no gukonjesha.

Ese radar ya PESA ishobora gukurikirana intego nyinshi?

Ishobora, bitewe n'igihe imirasire iteganya, gusubiramo igihe, imiterere y'ishusho y'umuraba, imiyoboro yakira ndetse n'uburyo itunganywa. Ikirango cya PESA cyonyine ntikigaragaza ubushobozi bw'intego.

Ese PESA ni kimwe na antene y'urutonde rw'ibyiciro

PESA ni imiterere imwe ya RF igizwe n'ibice bibiri, mu gihe imiterere ya phased ari igitekerezo cyagutse cya antene. AESA ni indi imiterere ya RF. Imiterere ya analogue, hybrid na digitale isobanura uburyo imirasire ishyirwa mu bikorwa kandi igakora urwego rwihariye rw'ibyiciro aho kuba ubundi buryo bungana na PESA cyangwa AESA.

Ni ayahe makuru agomba kugenzurwa ku nguni ntarengwa yo gushakisha

Reba igihombo cyo kwiyongera cyangwa gusesengura, ubugari bw'umurambararo, uburyo bwo kwerekana neza, imiterere y'impande, imiterere ya cross-polarisation na impedance ku murongo usabwa hamwe n'imiterere yashyizweho.

Ni ryari PESA ishobora kuba amahitamo afatika?

PESA ishobora kuba ingirakamaro iyo bikenewe ko habaho kuyobora hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga kandi umuyoboro wa RF uhuza itumanaho ushobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu buryo bw'umurambararo, gupima, ingufu, ubwizerwe, ubushyuhe n'uburyo bwo kubungabunga. Icyemezo kigomba gukurikiza ibipimo bya sisitemu n'ibipimo by'ubuzima.