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Antenna Polarisation: Antenna Polarisiyasi Niki n'impamvu ari ngombwa

Ba injeniyeri ba elegitoronike bazi ko antene yohereza kandi yakira ibimenyetso muburyo bwimiraba yingufu za electromagnetic (EM) zasobanuwe nuburinganire bwa Maxwell.Kimwe ninsanganyamatsiko nyinshi, iyi ntera, hamwe nogukwirakwiza, imiterere ya electromagnetism, irashobora kwigwa mubyiciro bitandukanye, uhereye kumagambo yujuje ubuziranenge kugeza kuringaniza.

Hariho ibintu byinshi byogukwirakwiza ingufu za electromagnetic, imwe murimwe ni polarisiyasi, ishobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye cyangwa impungenge mubikorwa no gushushanya antenne.Amahame shingiro ya polarisiyasi akoreshwa kumirasire ya electromagnetique yose, harimo RF / umugozi, ingufu za optique, kandi akenshi zikoreshwa mubikorwa bya optique.

Antenna polarisation ni iki?

Mbere yo gusobanukirwa polarisiyasi, tugomba mbere na mbere gusobanukirwa amahame shingiro yumuriro wa electroniki.Iyi mivumba igizwe nimirima yamashanyarazi (E imirima) hamwe na magnetiki (H imirima) kandi igenda mubyerekezo kimwe.Imirima ya E na H ihanamye kuri buri kimwe no ku cyerekezo cyo gukwirakwiza indege.

Polarisiyasi yerekeza ku ndege ya E-umurima uhereye ku cyerekezo cyohereza ibimenyetso: kuri polarisiyonike itambitse, umurima w'amashanyarazi uzagenda ku mpande mu ndege itambitse, mu gihe kuri polarisiyasi ihagaritse, umurima w'amashanyarazi uzunguruka hejuru no mu ndege ihagaritse. ( ishusho 1).

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Igishushanyo 1: Imashanyarazi yumuriro wa elegitoroniki igizwe na perpendicular E na H ibice bigize umurima

Guhindura umurongo hamwe no kuzenguruka

Uburyo bwa polarisiyasi burimo ibi bikurikira:
Muburyo bwibanze bwa polarisiyasi, polarisiyasi ebyiri zishoboka ni orthogonal (perpendicular) kuri mugenzi we (Ishusho 2).Mubyigisho, antenne yakira itambitse ntishobora "kubona" ​​ikimenyetso kiva muri antenne ihagaritse na vertike ihindagurika, nubwo byombi bikora kumurongo umwe.Nibyiza guhuza, ibimenyetso byinshi bifatwa, kandi ihererekanyabubasha ryagutse iyo polarisiyasi ihuye.

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Igishushanyo 2: Umurongo uhindagurika utanga uburyo bubiri bwo guhuza impande zombi

Ihindagurika rya oblique ya antenne ni ubwoko bwa polarisiyonike.Kimwe na horizontal na vertical polarisation, iyi polarisiyasi yumvikana gusa mubidukikije.Oblique polarisiyasi iri ku nguni ya dogere 45 kugera kuri horizontal indege.Mugihe ubu aribwo buryo bwubundi buryo bwo guhuza umurongo, ijambo "umurongo" mubisanzwe ryerekeza gusa kuri antenne itambitse cyangwa ihagaritse.
Nubwo hari igihombo, ibimenyetso byoherejwe (cyangwa byakiriwe) na antenne ya diagonal birashoboka hamwe na antenne itambitse cyangwa ihagaritse.Antenne ya polarisike ifite akamaro mugihe polarisiyasi ya antenne imwe cyangwa yombi itazwi cyangwa ihinduka mugihe cyo kuyikoresha.
Uruziga ruzengurutse (CP) ruragoye kuruta umurongo wa polarisiyasi.Muri ubu buryo, polarisiyasi ihagarariwe na E umurima wa vector irazunguruka nkuko ikimenyetso gikwirakwiza.Iyo izungurutse iburyo (urebye hanze ya transmitter), uruziga ruzengurutse rwitwa uruziga rw'iburyo ruzenguruka (RHCP);iyo izengurutswe ibumoso, ibumoso-buzengurutse uruziga (LHCP) (Ishusho 3)

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Igishushanyo 3: Muri polarisiyonike izenguruka, E umurima wa vector yumurongo wa electromagnetic uzunguruka;uku kuzunguruka gushobora kuba iburyo cyangwa ibumoso

Ikimenyetso cya CP kigizwe nimirongo ibiri ya orthogonal itari murwego.Ibintu bitatu birasabwa kubyara ibimenyetso bya CP.Umwanya E ugomba kuba ugizwe nibice bibiri byimikorere;ibice byombi bigomba kuba dogere 90 zicyiciro kandi zingana muri amplitude.Inzira yoroshye yo kubyara CP ni ugukoresha antenne ihagaze.

Elliptical polarisation (EP) ni ubwoko bwa CP.Elliptike polarized waves ninyungu ikorwa numurongo ibiri uhindagurika, nka CP waves.Iyo ibice bibiri byuzuzanya byerekeranye n'umurongo wa polarisiyumu hamwe na amplitude ataringaniye hamwe, havuka umuraba wa elliptike.

Guhuza polarisiyasi hagati ya antene isobanurwa nimpamvu yo gutakaza polarisiyasi (PLF).Iyi parameter igaragarira muri décibel (dB) kandi ni umurimo wo gutandukanya inguni ya polarisiyasi hagati yo kwanduza no kwakira antene.Mubyukuri, PLF irashobora kuva kuri 0 dB (nta gihombo) kuri antenne ihujwe neza na dB itagira iherezo (igihombo kitagira umupaka) kuri antenne ya orthogonal neza.

Mubyukuri, ariko, guhuza (cyangwa kudahuza) polarisiyasi ntabwo itunganye kuko umwanya wuburyo bwa antenne, imyitwarire yabakoresha, kugoreka imiyoboro, kugaragariza abantu benshi, nibindi bintu bishobora gutera kugoreka inguni yumuriro wa electronique.Ku ikubitiro, hazaba 10 - 30 dB cyangwa byinshi byerekana ibimenyetso byambukiranya polarisiyasi "kumeneka" biturutse kuri orthogonal polarisiyasi, rimwe na rimwe birashobora kuba bihagije kubangamira kugarura ibimenyetso byifuzwa.

Ibinyuranye, PLF nyayo kuri antene ebyiri ihujwe hamwe na polarisiyasi nziza irashobora kuba 10 dB, 20 dB, cyangwa irenga, bitewe nibihe, kandi irashobora kubangamira kugarura ibimenyetso.Muyandi magambo, utabishaka kwambukiranya-polarisiyasi na PLF birashobora gukora inzira zombi kubangamira ibimenyetso wifuza cyangwa kugabanya imbaraga zerekana ibimenyetso.

Kuki twita kuri polarisiyasi?

Polarisiyasi ikora muburyo bubiri: uko antenne ebyiri ihujwe kandi ikagira polarisiyasi imwe, niko imbaraga zikimenyetso cyakiriwe.Ibinyuranye, guhuza polarisiyasi ituma bigora cyane abayakira, baba bagenewe cyangwa batanyuzwe, gufata bihagije ibimenyetso byinyungu.Mubihe byinshi, "umuyoboro" ugoreka polarisiyasi yanduye, cyangwa antene imwe cyangwa zombi ntabwo ziri muburyo buhamye.

Guhitamo polarisiyasi yo gukoresha mubisanzwe bigenwa nubushakashatsi cyangwa ibihe byikirere.Kurugero, antenne itambitse itambitse izakora neza kandi ikomeze polarisiyasi yayo mugihe yashyizwe hafi ya plafond;muburyo bunyuranye, antenne ihagaritse polarike izakora neza kandi ikomeze imikorere yayo ya polarisiyasi mugihe yashyizwe hafi y'urukuta rw'uruhande.

Antenna ikoreshwa cyane ya dipole (isanzwe cyangwa izingiye) ihindagurika mu buryo butambitse mu cyerekezo cyayo cyo "kuzamuka" (Ishusho ya 4) kandi akenshi izunguruka dogere 90 kugirango ifate polarisiyonike ihagaritse igihe bibaye ngombwa cyangwa ishyigikire uburyo bwa polarisiyasi (Ishusho 5).

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Igishushanyo 4: Antenna ya dipole ikunze gushyirwaho itambitse kuri mast yayo kugirango itange polarisiyonike

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Igicapo 5: Kubisabwa bisaba guhagarikwa guhagaritse, antenne ya dipole irashobora gushirwaho bikurikije aho antene ifata

Vertical polarisation isanzwe ikoreshwa kumaradiyo yimukanwa ya terefone igendanwa, nkayakoreshejwe nabasubije bwa mbere, kubera ko ibishushanyo mbonera bya radiyo antenne ya radiyo ihagaritse kandi itanga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza imirasire.Kubwibyo, antene ntizigomba guhindurwa nubwo icyerekezo cya radio na antene gihinduka.

3 - 30 MHz yumurongo mwinshi (HF) antenne yubusanzwe yubatswe nkinsinga ndende yoroshye ihujwe hamwe itambitse hagati yinyuguti.Uburebure bwacyo bugenwa nuburebure bwumuraba (10 - 100 m).Ubu bwoko bwa antene busanzwe butambitse.

Birakwiye ko tumenya ko kuvuga iri tsinda nka "frequency frequency" byatangiye mu myaka mirongo ishize, ubwo 30 MHz yari inshuro nyinshi.Nubwo ubu ibisobanuro bisa nkaho bitajyanye n'igihe, ni izina ryemewe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’itumanaho kandi riracyakoreshwa henshi.

Ibyifuzo bya polarisiyasi bishobora kugenwa muburyo bubiri: haba gukoresha imiraba yubutaka kugirango bigaragaze ibimenyetso bigufi byifashishwa mu gutangaza amakuru ukoresheje umurongo wa 300 kHz - 3 MHz wo hagati (MW), cyangwa gukoresha umuyaga wo mu kirere intera ndende unyuze kuri ionosire.Muri rusange, antenne ihagaritse ifite antenne ikwirakwiza neza kubutaka, mugihe antenne itambitse itambitse ifite imikorere myiza yikirere.

Uruziga ruzenguruka rukoreshwa cyane kuri satelite kubera ko icyerekezo cya satelite ugereranije na sitasiyo zubutaka hamwe nizindi satelite bihora bihinduka.Gukora neza hagati yo kwanduza no kwakira antene ni byiza cyane mugihe byombi bizengurutse uruziga, ariko antenne iringaniye irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe na antenne ya CP, nubwo hariho ikintu cyo gutakaza polarisiyasi.

Polarisation nayo ni ngombwa kuri sisitemu ya 5G.Hafi ya 5G byinshi-byinjira / byinshi-bisohoka (MIMO) antenna ya array igera kubintu byiyongereye byinjira mugukoresha polarisiyasi kugirango ikoreshe neza spekiteri iboneka.Ibi bigerwaho hifashishijwe guhuza ibimenyetso bitandukanye polarisiyasi hamwe no kugwiza umwanya wa antene (itandukaniro ryumwanya).

Sisitemu irashobora kohereza amakuru abiri kuberako amakuru yamakuru ahujwe na antenne yigenga ya orthogonally polarized kandi irashobora kugarurwa mubwigenge.Nubwo hari cross-polarisiyasi ibaho kubera inzira no kugoreka inzira, kugaragariza, kugwiza, no kudatungana, uwakiriye akoresha algorithms zihanitse kugirango agarure buri kimenyetso cyumwimerere, bikavamo igipimo gito cyo kwibeshya (BER) hanyuma amaherezo akoreshwa neza.

mu gusoza
Polarisiyasi ni umutungo wa antenne wingenzi ukunze kwirengagizwa.Umurongo umwe (harimo utambitse kandi uhagaritse) polarisiyasi, polarisiyasi ya oblique, uruziga ruzengurutse hamwe na elliptique polarisiyasi ikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye.Urutonde rwimikorere ya end-end ya RF antenne ishobora kugeraho biterwa nicyerekezo cyayo no guhuza.Antenne isanzwe ifite polarisiyasi zitandukanye kandi irakwiriye kubice bitandukanye bya spekiteri, itanga polarisiyoneri ikenewe kubisabwa.

Ibicuruzwa byasabwe :

RM-DPHA2030-15

Ibipimo

Ibisanzwe

Ibice

Urutonde rwinshuro

20-30

GHz

Inyungu

 15 Ubwoko.

dBi

VSWR

1.3 Ubwoko.

Ihindagurika

Kabiri Umurongo

Umusaraba Pol.Kwigunga

60 Ubwoko.

dB

Kwigunga

70 Ubwoko.

dB

 Umuhuza

SMA-Fimeri

Ibikoresho

Al

Kurangiza

Irangi

Ingano(L * W * H)

83.9 * 39.6 * 69.4 (±5)

mm

Ibiro

0.074

kg

RM-BDHA118-10

Ingingo

Ibisobanuro

Igice

Urutonde rwinshuro

1-18

GHz

Inyungu

10 Ubwoko.

dBi

VSWR

1.5 Ubwoko.

Ihindagurika

 Umurongo

Umusaraba Po.Kwigunga

30 Ubwoko.

dB

 Umuhuza

SMA-Umugore

Kurangiza

Paint

Ibikoresho

Al

Ingano(L * W * H)

182.4 * 185.1 * 116.6 (±5)

mm

Ibiro

0.603

kg

RM-CDPHA218-15

Ibipimo

Ibisanzwe

Ibice

Urutonde rwinshuro

2-18

GHz

Inyungu

15 Ubwoko.

dBi

VSWR

1.5 Ubwoko.

Ihindagurika

Kabiri Umurongo

Umusaraba Pol.Kwigunga

40

dB

Kwigunga

40

dB

 Umuhuza

SMA-F

Kuvura Ubuso

Paint

Ingano(L * W * H)

276 * 147 * 147 (±5)

mm

Ibiro

0.945

kg

Ibikoresho

Al

Gukoresha Ubushyuhe

-40- + 85

°C

RM-BDPHA9395-22

Ibipimo

Ibisanzwe

Ibice

Urutonde rwinshuro

93-95

GHz

Inyungu

22 Ubwoko.

dBi

VSWR

1.3 Ubwoko.

Ihindagurika

Kabiri Umurongo

Umusaraba Pol.Kwigunga

60 Ubwoko.

dB

Kwigunga

67 Ubwoko.

dB

 Umuhuza

WR10

Ibikoresho

Cu

Kurangiza

Zahabu

Ingano(L * W * H)

69.3 * 19.1 * 21.2 (±5)

mm

Ibiro

0.015

kg


Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-11-2024

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