Iki gice kiragaragaza ibipimo by'ibanze by'itumanaho ridafite insinga, bigamije gutanga ubumenyi bwiza ku ruhare rwa antene mu buryo bw'itumanaho. Itumanaho ridafite insinga rikorwa mu buryo bw'imiraba ya elegitoroniki, bityo bikaba ngombwa gusobanukirwa imiterere y'imiraba ikwirakwira.
Muri iki gice, tuzaganira ku bipimo bikurikira:
•Inshuro
•Uburebure bw'urumuri
•Guhuza Impedance
•VSWR & Ingufu zigaragara
•Ubugari bw'umuyoboro
• Ijanisha ry'umurambararo w'amajwi
•Uburemere bw'imirasire
Noneho, reka tubirebe mu buryo burambuye.
Inshuro:
Dukurikije ibisobanuro bisanzwe, inshuro ni umubare w'isubiramo ry'umuraba kuri buri gice cy'igihe. Mu magambo make, inshuro zisobanura inshuro ikintu kibaho. Umuraba usubiramo buri masegonda ya T (igihe kimwe), kandi inshuro zawo ni igihe T isubiramo.
Mu mibare, bigaragara gutya:
$$f = \frac{1}{T}$$
•F ihagarariye inshuro y'umuraba uhindagurika, mu gihe
•T ni igihe gisabwa kugira ngo urangize icyiciro kimwe cyuzuye.
Ingano ipimwa muri hertz, mu magambo ahinnye nka Hz.
Ishusho iri hejuru igaragaza umuraba wa sine, ushushanya voltage (muri mV) nk'igihe (muri ms). Iyi waveform isubiramo buri milisegonda 2t; bityo, igihe cyayo T = 2t ms, kandi frequency yayo f = 1/(2t) kHz.
Uburebure bw'umuraba:
Dukurikije ibisobanuro bisanzwe, intera iri hagati y'imisozi ibiri ikurikirana cyangwa imiyoboro ibiri ikurikirana yitwa uburebure bw'umurambararo.
Mu magambo make, uburebure bw'umurambararo ni intera iri hagati y'imisongero ibiri myiza yegeranye cyangwa imisozi ibiri mibi yegeranye. Ishusho iri hepfo igaragaza imiterere y'umurambararo w'ikirere, aho uburebure bw'umurambararo (λ) n'uburebure bw'umurambararo byagaragajwe. Uko uburebure bw'umurambararo burushaho kuba bwinshi, ni ko uburebure bw'umurambararo buba bugufi, naho uburebure bw'umurambararo bukaba bugufi.
Ifishi y'uburebure bw'umurambararo ni:
$$\lambda = \frac{c}{f}$$
•λ ihagarariye uburebure bw'umurambararo
•C ni umuvuduko w'urumuri ($3 \inshuro 10^8$ metero ku isegonda)
•F ni inshuro
Uburebure bwa λ bugaragazwa mu bipimo by'uburebure, nka metero, ibirenge, cyangwa santimetero. Igice gikunze gukoreshwa ni metero.
Guhuza Impedance:
Dukurikije ibisobanuro bisanzwe, guhuza impedance bibaho iyo impedance y'icyuma gitanga ubutumwa ingana hafi na impedance y'icyuma gitanga ubutumwa.
Guhuza impedance birakenewe hagati ya antene na circuit. Impedance za antene, umurongo wo kohereza, na circuit bigomba guhuzwa kugira ngo habeho ihererekanya ry'imbaraga ntarengwa hagati ya antene na receiver cyangwa transmitter.
Ni ngombwa ko guhuza ibintu
Ibikoresho bya Resonant bishobora gutanga umusaruro mwiza mu buryo bungana na narrowband. Nk'igikoresho cya resonant, antene ishobora kugera ku musaruro mwiza iyo impedance yayo ihuye neza.
•Iyo impedance ya antene ihuye n'impedance y'umwanya wigenga, ingufu zitangwa na antene zizoherezwa neza
•Kuri antene yakira, impedance yayo isohoka igomba guhuza impedance yinjiye ya circuit yakira amplifier
•Kuri antene yohereza ubutumwa, impedance yayo y'injira igomba kuba ijyanye n'impedance y'isohoka ry'imashini yohereza ubutumwa ndetse n'impedance iranga umurongo wohereza ubutumwa.
Impedance ipimwa muri ohms, igaragazwa n'ikimenyetso cya Z.
VSWR & Imbaraga Zigaragara:
Dukurikije ibisobanuro bisanzwe, igipimo cy'umuvuduko ntarengwa w'amashanyarazi n'umuvuduko ntarengwa w'amashanyarazi mu muvuduko uhagaze witwa igipimo cy'umuvuduko uhagaze w'amashanyarazi (VSWR).
Iyo impedance za antene, umurongo wo kohereza, na circuit zidahuye, ingufu ntizishobora gutangwa neza; ahubwo igice cy'imbaraga kiragaruka.
Ibiranga by'ingenzi ni —
•Ikimenyetso kigaragaza urwego rw'impinduka idahuye cyitwa Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
•VSWR isobanura Voltage Standing Wave Ratio kandi ikunze kwitwa SWR
• Uko impedance idahuye cyane, niko agaciro ka VSWR kaba kari hejuru
•Kugira ngo imirasire igere ku ngaruka nziza, agaciro ka VSWR gakwiye ni 1:1
•Ingufu zigaragara zivuga igice cy'ingufu zigaragara imbere zipfa ubusa. Ingufu zigaragara na VSWR mu by'ukuri bisobanura ikintu kimwe gifatika mu buryo butandukanye.
Ubugari bw'umurongo (bandwidth):
Dukurikije ibisobanuro bisanzwe, umurongo w'umuvuduko uri mu rugero rw'uburebure bw'umuvuduko runaka wagenewe itumanaho runaka witwa bandwidth.
Iyo ikimenyetso cyoherejwe cyangwa cyakiriwe, gikora mu rugero runaka rw'umuvuduko. Uru rugero runaka rw'umuvuduko ruhabwa ikimenyetso runaka kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibindi bimenyetso byava mu gihe cyo kohereza.
•Ubugari bw'umurambararo (bandwidth) busobanura ingano y'umurambararo iri hagati y'umupaka w'umurambararo munini n'umupaka w'umurambararo muto w'ihererekanyamakuru ry'ikimenyetso
• Iyo bandwidth imaze gushyirwaho, ntishobora gukoreshwa n'abandi
•Umubare wose ugabanyijemo ibice bya bandwidth, buri kimwe gihabwa abatuma ubutumwa butandukanye
Uburyo bwo gukoresha interineti (bandwidth) twamaze kuvugaho bushobora no kwitwa uburyo bwo gukoresha interineti butagira ingaruka ku buryo bugaragara (absolute bandwidth).
Ijanisha ry'umuvuduko w'amakuru:
Dukurikije ibisobanuro bisanzwe, igipimo cy'umurambararo ntarengwa ku murambararo wayo wo hagati cyitwa umurambararo w'umurambararo w'umurambararo.
Ingano iri mu gice cy'umugozi aho imbaraga z'ikimenyetso zigera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'umugozi yitwa frequency ya resonant, izwi kandi nk'ingano yo hagati y'umugozi, yiswe fC.
•Imirongo yo hejuru n'iyo hasi y'umuvuduko w'umuvuduko igaragazwa nka fH na fL, uko bikurikirana
•Umubare ntarengwa w'amajwi utangwa na fH− fL
• Kugira ngo upime ubugari bw'umurongo w'umuvuduko, ni ngombwa kubara umurongo w'umuvuduko w'umuvuduko cyangwa igice cy'umuvuduko w ...
Ijanisha ry'umuvuduko w'amajwi ribarwa kugira ngo humve urwego rw'impinduka z'amajwi igice cyangwa sisitemu ishobora gukoresha.
•fH bivuze inshuro nyinshi
•fL bivuze inshuro nke
•fc bivuze inshuro yo hagati
Uko umuyoboro w'itumanaho uba munini, ni ko umuyoboro w'itumanaho uba munini.
Ubukana bw'imirasire:
Ubukana bw'imirasire busobanurwa nk'imbaraga zitangwa kuri buri nguni ikomeye.
Antene irabagirana cyane mu byerekezo bimwe na bimwe, bihuye n'ubukana bwayo ntarengwa bw'imirasire. Ingano ntarengwa y'imirasire ishoboka igaragazwa n'ubukana bw'imirasire.
Imvugo y'imibare
Ubukana bw'imirasire buboneka binyuze mu gukuba ubucucike bw'imbaraga zarashwe na kare y'intera ya radial:
Aho U ari imbaraga z'imirasire, r ni intera ya radial, naho （Wrad） ikaba ubucucike bw'imbaraga za radiated.
•U ihagarariye imbaraga z'imirasire
•r ihagarariye intera ya radial
•Wrad ihagarariye ubucucike bw'ingufu zituruka ku mirasire
Ikigereranyo cyavuzwe haruguru kigaragaza ubukana bw'imirasire ya antene. Intera y'imirasire rimwe na rimwe igaragazwa n'ikimenyetso Φ.
Igipimo cy'ubukana bw'imirasire ni watts kuri steradian (W/sr), cyangwa watts kuri radian kare (W/rad²).
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-26-2026
