Mu miterere y'imirasire ya antene, agace k'ingenzi kerekana imirasire y'ingenzi ya antene, aho ingufu nyinshi kandi zihujwe cyane zinyura.
Ubugari bw'umurambararo ni ubugari bw'ingufu bunyuramo ingufu nyinshi. Ibipimo bibiri by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu kugena ubugari bw'umurambararo ni Half-Power Beamwidth (HPBW) na First Null Beamwidth (FNBW).
Ubugari bw'igice cy'ingufu (HPBW)
Dukurikije ibisobanuro bisanzwe, itandukanyirizo ry’inguni aho amplitude y’imiterere y’imirasire igabanukaho 50% (ni ukuvuga -3 dB) uvuye ku gasongero k’agace k’ingenzi ryitwa ubugari bwa metero imwe n’igice.
Mu yandi magambo, ubugari bw'imirasire ni agace antene inyuramo imbaraga zayo nyinshi, bihuye n'agace kari hafi y'imbaraga zo hejuru. Ubugari bw'igice cy'imbaraga zo hejuru ni uruhererekane rw'ingufu aho imbaraga mu mirasire ya antene zirenga 50% by'imbaraga zo hejuru.
Gusobanura imiterere ya HPBW mu buryo bwa jeometrike
Ku miterere y'imirasire, shushanya umurongo uva aho inkomoko iherereye ugana ku mpande zose z'agace k'ingenzi ku gice cy'ingufu. Inguni iri hagati y'izi vectors ebyiri ni ubugari bwa kimwe cya kabiri cy'ingufu (HPBW). Ishusho ikurikira ifasha kwerekana iki gitekerezo.
Ishusho igaragaza agace k'ingenzi ka antene n'igice cy'ingufu ku gace k'ingenzi.
Imvugo y'imibare
Ifishi igereranyijwe y'ubugari bw'igice cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi ni:
aho:
•λ ni uburebure bw'umurambararo w'imikorere,
•D ni ingano y'akanya gato k'umuyoboro w'antene (ubusanzwe ni umurambararo cyangwa uburebure bw'uruhande).
Igice cya kabiri cy'ubugari bw'imbaraga (HPBW) ni radian cyangwa dogere.
Ubugari bwa mbere bwa Null Beamwidth (FNBW)
Dukurikije ibisobanuro bisanzwe, gutandukanya inguni hagati y'ibice bya mbere byegeranye n'agace k'ingenzi byitwa ubugari bwa mbere bw'ibice bya mbere.
Mu magambo make, FNBW ni uburebure bw'impande hagati y'ishusho ya mbere idafite agaciro ku mpande zombi z'umuraba mukuru.
Gusobanura FNBW mu buryo bwa jeometrike
Uhereye ku nkomoko y'imiterere y'imirasire, shushanya imirongo igana ku murambararo mukuru kuri buri ruhande. Inguni iri hagati y'iyi mirongo ibiri igana ku murambararo ni ubugari bwa mbere bw'umurambararo (FNBW). Ishusho ikurikira ifasha kwerekana iki gitekerezo neza kurushaho.
Ishusho iri hejuru igaragaza ubugari bwa kimwe cya kabiri cy'imbaraga (HPBW) n'ubugari bwa mbere bwa null beamwidth (FNBW) ku ishusho y'imirasire, hamwe n'agace k'ingenzi n'uduce two ku ruhande bigaragaza.
Imvugo y'imibare
Isano iri hagati ya mbere ya null beamwidth (FNBW) na half-power beamwidth (HPBW) ishobora kwerekezwa kuri ibi bikurikira:
Dusimbuza HPBW ≈ 70λ/D, tubona:
aho λ ari uburebure bw'umurambararo na D ari ingano y'akanya gato k'umuyoboro w'antene.
Ishami
Igice cya First Null Beamwidth (FNBW) ni radian (rad) cyangwa dogere (°).
Uburebure n'agace gafite akamaro
Mu bipimo bya antene, uburebure bufatika n'ubuso bufatika nabyo ni ibipimo by'ingenzi bifasha gusuzuma imikorere ya antene.
Uburebure bufite akamaro
Uburebure bw'inteneti bukoreshwa mu kugaragaza imikorere yayo ya polarization.
Ibisobanuro: Uburebure bufatika ni igipimo cy'uburebure bwa voltage ya open circuit ku mpande za antene yakira n'uburebure bw'imbaraga z'amashanyarazi yabereye mu cyerekezo kimwe na antene. Iyo umuraba w'impanuka ugeze ku kwinjira kwa antene, uba ufite imbaraga runaka z'amashanyarazi aho uburebure bwazo bushingira ku mpande za antene. Ubu buryo bwa polarization bugomba guhuza n'uburebure bwa voltage ku mpande zakira kugira ngo habeho kwakira neza ibimenyetso.
Imvugo y'imibare
Imvugo y'imibare yerekana uburebure bufatika ni:
aho:
•le ni uburebure bufatika bwa antene,
•Voc ni uburebure bwa voltage ifunguye ku gice cyo kwakira antene,
•Ei ni uburebure bw'imbaraga z'amashanyarazi mu cyerekezo kimwe cya polarization nk'iya antene.
Agace k'ingirakamaro
Ibisobanuro: Agace gafite akamaro ni igice cy'agace k'antene yakira gifata ingufu ziva ku murongo w'ingufu ziturutse ku muraba w'impanuka kikawuhindura ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi; muri rusange ni gito ugereranyije n'agace k'antene gafite umwanya wo gusohora.
Mu gihe cyo kwakira, agace kose ka antene gashyirwa ku ruhande rw'umuraba wa elegitoroniki, ariko igice kimwe cyayo ni cyo gifata neza ikimenyetso. Iki gice cyitwa agace gakora neza.
Impamvu igice gito cy'ingufu z'imbere y'umuraba gikoreshwa gusa ni uko amwe mu mashanyarazi y'impanuka akwirakwizwa na antene, mu gihe ikindi gice gishobora gukurwaho nk'ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, mu bihe byiza nta gihombo, agace, iyo kakubye imbaraga z'impanuka, gatanga ingufu ntarengwa ziboneka ziturutse kuri antene kitwa agace gakora neza.
Agace gakora neza gakunze kugaragazwa naAeff.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Mata-2026
