Antene ya dipole iracibwa ikanagororwa kugira ngo imirasire ikore neza. Uburebure bwose bw'insinga ikoreshwa nka dipole bungana na kimwe cya kabiri cy'uburebure bw'umurambararo (ni ukuvuga l = λ / 2). Ubwo bwoko bwa antene bwitwa antene ya dipole y'igice cy'umuraba. Bitewe n'ibyiza byayo, ni yo antene ikoreshwa cyane, kandi izwi kandi nka antene ya Hertz.
Ingano y'Inshuro
Antene ya dipole y'igice cy'umuraba ikora ku ntera iri hagati ya 3 kHz na 300 GHz, kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma byakira amajwi.
Imiterere n'amahame ngenderwaho y'imikorere ya Dipole y'igice cy'umuraba
Ni antene y'ibanze ya dipole ifite frequency ikora ihwanye na kimwe cya kabiri cy'uburebure bw'umurambararo; bityo, yitwa antene ya dipole y'igice cy'umuraba.
Impera za dipole zifite voltage ntarengwa, ari yo alternating current (AC) mu miterere. Iyo voltage igeze ku rugero rwiza, electron zikunda kugenda mu cyerekezo kimwe, mu gihe iyo zigeze ku rugero rubi, zigenda mu cyerekezo gitandukanye. Ibi bishobora gusobanurwa hifashishijwe ishusho iri hepfo.
Ishusho iri hejuru igaragaza ihame ry'imikorere ya dipole y'igice cy'umuraba.
Ishusho ya 1 igaragaza dipole iyo iri mu gice cya kabiri cy’umuvuduko watewe. Muri iki gihe, electron zikunda kwerekeza kuri charge nziza.
Ishusho ya 2 igaragaza dipole iri mu gice cya kabiri cy’umuvuduko watewe n’amashanyarazi. Aha, electron zikunda kuva kuri dipole.
Ishusho ya 3 igaragaza dipole mu gice cya kabiri cy’uruziga rwiza gikurikira. Kuri iyi ngingo, electron zirongera zigana aho charge iherereye.
Iyi ngaruka ikora ku buryo butandukanye, ikora amashanyarazi atandukanye, anyura hanze mu buryo bumwe n’ubwakozwe kuri dipole ubwayo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umusaruro w’antene ni imirasire ikora neza ikurikiza imiterere y’amashanyarazi asohoka. Muri ubwo buryo, dipole y’igice cy’umuraba igera ku mirasire ikora neza.
Ishusho iri hejuru igaragaza uko umuriro ukwirakwira muri dipole y'igice cy'umuraba. Inyungu ya dipole y'igice cy'umuraba ni 2.15 dBi, ibyo bikaba ari byiza cyane. Aha, inyuguti "i" yerekeza kuri radiator ya isotropic.
Uburyo bwo gutanga imirasire
Imiterere y'imirasire y'iyi antene ya dipole ifite umurongo wa kabiri w'urumuri ireba impande zose muri H-plane, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye nko mu itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa no kwakira radiyo.
Ishusho iri hejuru igaragaza imiterere y'imirasire ya dipole y'igice cy'umuraba muri H-plane na V-plane.
Ku gikoresho cya dipole gifite uburebure bwa kimwe cya kabiri cy'uburebure bw'umurambararo (ni ukuvuga uburebure bwa mbere bw'umurambararo), umurambararo wacyo ntugira ingaruka ku kubuza kwinjira. Antene ikora neza cyane ku murambararo wayo w'umurambararo, uba ku burebure bwawo bw'umurambararo.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-05-2026
