Nyuma y'ikiganiro ku bipimo by'ingenzi bya antene mu gice gishize, indi ngingo y'ingenzi igomba kwitabwaho ni uturere twa antene duherereye hafi n'utw'ubutaka bwa kure.
Ubukana bw'imirasire ipimwa hafi ya antene butandukanye n'ubupimwa kure. Nubwo agace ka kure gaherereye kure ya antene, karacyafatwa nk'agace kemewe kuko ubukana bw'imirasire bukomeza kuba hejuru.
Akarere ka Negereye
Agace gakikije antene kitwa agace ka hafi y’umurima. Aka gace gatuwe n’ingaruka zikomoka ku gukurura, bityo kitwa kandi agace ka induction field, nubwo kagifite ibice bimwe na bimwe by’imirasire.
Akarere ka kure
Agace kari kure y’inteneti kitwa akarere ka kure. Kizwi kandi nk’akarere k’imirasire, kuko ingaruka z’imirasire ari zo ziganje hano. Ibipimo byinshi by’ingenzi bya antene, nk’icyerekezo n’imiterere y’imirasire, birasobanurwa kandi bigapimwa muri ako gace.
Igishushanyo cy'Umurima
Ikwirakwizwa ry'umurima rishobora gupimwa hakurikijwe imbaraga z'umurima, kandi ishusho iboneka yitwa imiterere y'umurima. By'umwihariko, iyo imbaraga z'imirasire ya antene zigaragazwa hakurikijwe imbaraga z'amashanyarazi E (V/m), igishushanyo mbonera gisohoka cyitwa imiterere y'umurima. Iyo bipimwe hakurikijwe imbaraga (W), byitwa imiterere y'imbaraga.
Ikwirakwizwa ry'amashusho ry'umurima w'imirasire cyangwa imbaraga biterwa na:
•Mu karere ka kure, gusa ku nguni z'ahantu (θ,ϕ);
•Mu gace ka hafi y'umurima, ku nguni zombi z'ahantu (θ, ϕ) ndetse n'intera ya radial (r).
Ibiranga uturere twa hafi n'utw'ubutaka bwa kure bishobora kumvikana neza hifashishijwe amashusho.
Imiterere y'ibice ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira:
•Akarere ka Near-Field Reactive na Near-Field Reating — byombi byitwa akarere ka Near-Field.
•Akarere ka kure gakoresha imirasire — byitwa gusa akarere ka kure gakoresha imirasire.
Agace gakikije antene ni agace gakorera hafi y’umurima, kazwi kandi nka agace katari gakoresha imirasire, aho ingaruka z’imirasire ziba zidasanzwe. Iruhande rw’aho ni agace gakorera hafi y’umurima, kitwa kandi agace ka Fresnel, aho imirasire iba ikomeye kandi ikwirakwira ry’umurima w’inguni riterwa n’intera ifatika uvuye kuri antene.
Hirya y'ibi hari agace ka kure gatanga urumuri. Muri aka karere, ikwirakwizwa ry'ubutaka ntirishingiye ku ntera, kandi imiterere y'imirasire ikora neza irashyirwaho.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-01-2026
