Antena ya Dipole yuzuye ni iki?
Antene ya dipole yuzuye ni antene ya dipole igororotse ifite uburebure bwose bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi bungana n'uburebure bumwe bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ku murongo w'imikorere. Mu yandi magambo, niba uburebure bw'umuyoboro bugaragazwa na λ, uburebure rusange bwa dipole bungana na λ.
Ugereranyije na dipole y'igice cy'umuraba, dipole y'umuraba yuzuye ifite uburyo bugoye bwo gukwirakwiza umuriro n'amashanyarazi ku murongo w'amashanyarazi. Iri tandukaniro rigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kwinjira kwayo, imiterere y'imirasire, n'imikorere yayo mu buryo bufatika.
Ikwirakwizwa ry'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi
Muri dipole yuzuye y'umuraba, kondakita ishobora gufatwa nk'ibice bibiri by'uburebure bw'umuraba bihujwe hamwe. Ku ruhande rwa antene, ikwirakwizwa ry'umuraba rihindura icyiciro, bivuze ko ibice bitandukanye by'kondakita bishobora gutwara umuraba mu byerekezo bitandukanye mu kanya gato.
Kubera iyi mibanire y’ibyiciro, amashanyarazi aturuka ku bice bitandukanye bya antene ashobora gukomerana mu byerekezo bimwe na bimwe mu gihe ahagarika igice kimwe mu byerekezo bindi. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu z’ingenzi zituma imikorere y’imirasire ya dipole yuzuye itandukanye n’iya dipole y’igice cy’imirasire.
Ibiranga imirasire ya Dipole yuzuye
Dipole yuzuye ntabwo ikora gusa imiterere imwe y'imirasire nk'iya dipole y'igice cy'umuraba. Muri dipole y'igice cy'umuraba, imirasire iba ikomeye cyane mu cyerekezo cyagutse. Ariko, kuri dipole yuzuye, guhagarika icyiciro bishobora kugabanya imirasire mu byerekezo bimwe na bimwe bigatuma imiterere y'imirasire icikamo ibice byinshi.
Ibi bivuze ko dipole yuzuye ishobora gutanga ingufu za elegitoroniki, ariko imiterere yayo y'imirasire akenshi ntiyoroshye kandi ntiyoroheye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi bwa antene. Byongeye kandi, impedance y'aho feeding point ya dipole yuzuye hagati ishobora kuba iri hejuru, bigatuma guhuza impedance bigorana.
Impamvu Dipoles zuzuye zidakunze gukoreshwa
Nubwo dipole yuzuye ifite akamaro mu gusobanukirwa ikwirakwizwa ry'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi n'imyitwarire y'imirasire, ntabwo ikunze gukoreshwa nk'antene isanzwe ikoreshwa. Hari impamvu nyinshi zibitera.
Ubwa mbere, imiterere yayo y'imirasire iragoye cyane kurusha iya dipole y'igice cy'umuraba. Ku bikorwa bisaba imiterere y'imirasire isanzwe kandi yoroshye, dipole y'igice cy'umuraba isanzwe yoroshye kuyishushanya no kuyikoresha.
Icya kabiri, impedance yinjiye ya dipole yuzuye ishobora kugorana kuyihuza n'imirongo isanzwe yo kohereza ubutumwa. Kudahuza impedance neza bishobora gutuma habaho kongera urumuri, kugabanuka kw'ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi, no kugabanuka k'imikorere ya sisitemu.
Icya gatatu, imirasire ituruka mu bice bitandukanye bya antene ishobora guhagarika igice mu byerekezo bimwe na bimwe. Ibi bituma antene idakwiye iyo hakenewe icyerekezo gikomeye kandi gihamye cy’imirasire.
Akamaro k'Ubwubatsi
Mu rwego rw'ubuhanga, dipole yuzuye ni ingenzi cyane nk'icyitegererezo cy'inyigisho kuruta antene ikoreshwa cyane. Ifasha injeniyeri gusobanukirwa uburyo uburebure bwa antene, urwego rw'ubu, aho amashanyarazi aherereye, n'ikwirakwizwa ry'umurima wa electromagnetic bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imirasire.
Muri sisitemu nyayo za RF na mikoroonde, guhitamo antene akenshi biterwa n'ingano y'umuvuduko ikenewe, kwiyongera, polarization, guhuza impedance, imiterere y'imirasire, n'imiterere yo kuyishyiraho. Ku bikoresho byinshi byo gupima no gutumanaho ku buryo bwo hejuru, antene za horn, antene za waveguide, n'izindi ntene zihariye akenshi ni byo bikunze gukundwa kuko bitanga imikorere ihamye kandi igenzurwa.
Umwanzuro
Dipole yuzuye ni antene ya dipole ifite uburebure rusange bwa conductor bungana n'uburebure bumwe bw'umurambararo. Bitewe no guhinduka kw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ku muyobora, imikorere yayo y'imirasire iragoye kurusha iya dipole y'igice cy'umuraba. Nubwo ishobora gutangaza ingufu za electromagnetic, imiterere yayo y'imirasire n'imiterere ya impedance bituma idakoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu z'antene zifatika.
Gusobanukirwa dipole yuzuye biracyafite akamaro kuri teyori ya antene, kuko bigaragaza uburyo ubunini bw'amazi, ikwirakwizwa ry'ubukonje, n'isano ry'ibyiciro bigira ingaruka ku mirasire ya antene. Ubu bumenyi ni ingirakamaro ku bahanga mu bya RF, abashushanya antene, n'abakora sisitemu ya mikoroonde mu gihe basesenguye imiterere ya antene igezweho.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-18-2026
