Antene z'insinga ni bumwe mu bwoko bw'ibanze bwa antene. Zizwi cyane kandi zikoreshwa cyane. Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza antene z'insinga, reka tubanze turebe umurongo utuma ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi rikorwa.
Umurongo wo kohereza ubutumwa
Umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, cyangwa insinga, utwara ingufu z’amashanyarazi kuva ku mpera imwe ujya ku yindi. Iyo impera zombi z’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi zihujwe n’insinga, amakuru ashobora koherezwa cyangwa kwakirwa hagati y’insinga zombi binyuze muri uyu muyoboro.
Iyo impera imwe y'insinga isigaye ifunguye, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zizagerageza gusohoka. Ibi bituma habaho itumanaho ridafite insinga. Iyo impera y'insinga igonze, ingufu zizava mu murongo w'amashanyarazi neza kurusha mbere. Uku gusohoka ku ntego byitwa imirasire.
Kugira ngo imirasire igere ku mirasire ikora neza, impedance iri ku mpera y’umuyoboro w’itumanaho igomba guhuzwa n’impedance y’umwanya wigenga. Tekereza ku murongo w’itumanaho ufite uburebure bwa kimwe cya kane cy’uburebure bw’umurambararo. Impande yawo ya kure isigara ifunguye kandi igonze, bityo ikaba ifite impedance nyinshi. Iyi miterere ikora antene ya dipole ifite igice cy’umuraba. Mu gihe impedance y’umuyoboro w’itumanaho ifite impedance nke, impedance nini iri ku mpera ifunguye ihura n’impedance y’umwanya wigenga, bigatuma imirasire irushaho kuba myiza.
Dipole
Iyo ingufu zinyuze muri iyo nsinga igonze, impera y'umurongo utuma ikwirakwizwa yitwa antene ya dipole cyangwa dipole.
Uburyo bwo gukora interuro y’impedansi y’injira buterwa n’uburebure n’umurambararo wa dipole. Uko radius iba nto, ni ko ingano y’impedansi iba nini, kandi uburyo bwo gukora interuro bungana n’uburebure bw’umurambararo. Kubwibyo, uburebure n’umurambararo wa dipole bigomba kwitabwaho. Ubusanzwe, impedansi ya antene ya dipole ni hafi 72 Ω.
Ishusho iri hepfo ifasha gusobanura iki gitekerezo neza kurushaho.
Ishusho igaragaza igishushanyo mbonera cy'uruziga rwa dipole yoroshye ihujwe n'umurongo wo kohereza ubutumwa. Muri antene ya dipole, umuriro uba ntarengwa hagati ukagabanuka ukagera kuri zeru ku mpera, mu gihe voltage iba ntarengwa hagati ikazamuka ikagera ku mpera.
Ubwoko busanzwe bwa antene z'insinga burimo: antene ya dipole y'umuraba umwe, antene ya dipole y'umuraba umwe, antene ya dipole yuzuye, antene ngufi ya dipole, na antene ya dipole itagira infinitesimal. Ubwo bwoko bwose bwa antene buzaganirwaho mu bice bikurikira.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-29-2026
