Antene ni igikoresho cy'ikoranabuhanga gikoreshwa mu guhuza ibikoresho bya radiyo n'insinga. Inshingano yacyo nyamukuru ni ugutanga ibimenyetso bya radiyo ifite umurongo munini.
Iyi konvoteri ifite imiterere myiza yo guhuza impedance, ituma urumuri n'igihombo bigabanuka mu gihe cyo kohereza hagati y'iyo konvoteri n'insinga. Akenshi ifite ubushobozi bwo kurinda amashanyarazi kugira ngo hirindwe ko amashanyarazi yo hanze yagira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'iyi konvoteri.
Ubwoko busanzwe bw'amakuru antene burimo SMA, BNC, N-type, TNC, n'ibindi, bikwiranye n'ibisabwa bitandukanye mu ikoreshwa.
Iyi nkuru izakwereka kandi uburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa cyane bwo guhuza ibintu:
Inshuro ikoreshwa ry'umuhuza
Umuhuza wa SMA
Umuhuza wa RF wo mu bwoko bwa SMA ni umuhuza wa RF/microwave wakozwe na Bendix na Omni-Spectra mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1950. Yari imwe mu mihuza yakoreshwaga cyane icyo gihe.
Mbere, imiyoboro ya SMA yakoreshwaga ku nsinga za coaxial za 0.141″ zitoroshye, cyane cyane zikoreshwa muri mikoroonde mu nganda za gisirikare, hamwe n’umunyururu wa Teflon.
Kubera ko umuhuza wa SMA ari muto kandi ushobora gukora ku murongo wo hejuru (intera y'umurambararo ni DC kugeza 18GHz iyo ihujwe n'insinga zikomeye, na DC kugeza 12.4GHz iyo ihujwe n'insinga zoroshye), iri kugenda ikundwa cyane. Hari amasosiyete amwe ubu ashobora gukora umuhuza wa SMA hafi ya DC ~ 27GHz. Ndetse no guteza imbere umuhuza wa milimetero (nk'urugero 3.5mm, 2.92mm) bireba uburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro ya SMA n'imiyoboro yayo.
Igihuza cya SMA
Umuhuza wa BNC
Izina ryuzuye rya BNC connector ni Bayonet Nut Connector (umuhuza uhuza snap-fit, iri zina risobanura neza imiterere y'uyu muhuza), ryitiriwe uburyo bwo kuwufunga buterwa na bayonet hamwe n'abavumbuzi bayo Paul Neill na Carl Concelman.
ni ihuriro risanzwe rya RF rigabanya kugaragara/gutakaza kw'umuraba. ihuriro rya BNC rikunze gukoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye kugeza hagati kandi rikoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho ridafite insinga, televiziyo, ibikoresho byo gupima, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bya RF.
Ibihuza BNC nabyo byakoreshejwe mu miyoboro ya mudasobwa ya kera. Ibihuza BNC bishyigikira umurongo w'ibimenyetso uri hagati ya 0 na 4GHz, ariko bishobora no gukora kugeza kuri 12GHz iyo hakoreshejwe verisiyo yihariye yagenewe iyi frequence. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'impedance idasanzwe, ari bwo 50 ohms na 75 ohms. Ibihuza BNC bya 50 ohm birakunzwe cyane.
Ubwoko bwa N Connector
Umuhuza w’antene wo mu bwoko bwa N wavumbuwe na Paul Neal muri Bell Labs mu myaka ya 1940. Umuhuza w’ubwoko bwa N wabanje gukorwa kugira ngo uhuze n’ibyo abasirikare n’indege bakeneye mu guhuza sisitemu za radar n’ibindi bikoresho bya radiyo. Umuhuza w’ubwoko bwa N wakozwe ufite umugozi, utanga ubushobozi bwo guhuza impedance no kurinda, kandi ukwiriye gukoreshwa mu ngufu nyinshi no mu nshuro nke.
Ingano y'inshuro za connectors zo mu bwoko bwa N akenshi iterwa n'imiterere yihariye n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda. Muri rusange, connectors zo mu bwoko bwa N zishobora gukora ku ntera ya frequency kuva kuri 0 Hz (DC) kugeza kuri 11 GHz kugeza kuri 18 GHz. Ariko, connectors zo mu bwoko bwa N nziza zishobora gukora ku ntera ya frequency iri hejuru, zikagera kuri 18 GHz. Mu bikorwa bifatika, connectors zo mu bwoko bwa N zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu ntera yo hasi kugeza iri hagati, nko mu itumanaho ridafite umugozi, mu gusakaza, mu itumanaho rya satelite na sisitemu ya radar.
Umuhuza w'ubwoko bwa N
Umuhuza wa TNC
Umuhuza wa TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman) wavumbuwe na Paul Neill na Carl Concelman mu ntangiriro ya za 1960. Ni verisiyo nziza ya BNC connector kandi ikoresha uburyo bwo guhuza imigozi.
Impedance idasanzwe ni 50 ohms, naho intera nziza yo gukora ni 0-11GHz. Muri microwave frequency band, TNC connectors zikora neza kurusha BNC connectors. Ifite imiterere yo kudahungabana cyane, kwizera cyane, ubushobozi bwiza bwa mekanike n'amashanyarazi, nibindi, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya radiyo n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo ihuze insinga za RF coaxial.
Umuhuza wa 3.5mm
Umuhuza wa 3.5mm ni umuhuza wa coaxial wa radiyo. Imbere mu muyoboro w'inyuma ni 3.5mm, impedance idasanzwe ni 50Ω, naho uburyo bwo guhuza ni umugozi wa santimetero 1/4-36UNS-2.
Hagati mu myaka ya za 70, amasosiyete y’Abanyamerika ya Hewlett-Packard na Amphenol (yakozwe cyane cyane na HP Company, kandi umusaruro wakozwe hakiri kare na Amphenol Company) yashyize ahagaragara icyuma gihuza amajwi cya 3.5mm, gifite umurongo ngenderwaho ugera kuri 33GHz kandi ni cyo gice cya mbere cya radio gishobora gukoreshwa mu gice cy’umuraba cya milimetero. Kimwe mu bikoresho bihuza amajwi bya coaxial.
Ugereranije n'ibihuza bya SMA (harimo na "Super SMA" ya Southwest Microwave), ibihuza bya 3.5mm bikoresha dielectric y'umwuka, bifite ibyuma binini byo hanze kurusha ibihuza bya SMA, kandi bifite imbaraga nziza za mekanike. Kubwibyo, si imikorere y'amashanyarazi gusa iruta iy'ibihuza bya SMA, ahubwo no kuramba kwa mekanike no gusubiramo imikorere nabyo biri hejuru kuruta iy'ibihuza bya SMA, bigatuma biba byiza gukoreshwa mu nganda zipima.
Umuhuza wa 2.92mm
Umuhuza wa 2.92mm, bamwe mu bakora bawita umuhuza wa 2.9mm cyangwa K, abandi bawita umuhuza wa SMK, KMC, WMP4, nibindi, ni umuhuza wa coaxial wa radiyo ufite umurambararo w'imbere wa 2.92mm. Imiterere Impedansi ni 50Ω kandi uburyo bwo guhuza ni umugozi wa santimetero 1/4-36UNS-2. Imiterere yayo isa n'umuhuza wa 3.5mm, ni muto gusa.
Mu 1983, injeniyeri mukuru wa Wiltron William.Old.Field yateguye umuyoboro mushya wa 2.92mm/K ushingiye ku gusesengura no gutsinda umuyoboro wa milimetero wari warashyizweho mbere (umuyoboro wa K ni ikirango). Umurambararo w'imbere w'umuyoboro ni 1.27mm kandi ushobora guhuzwa n'umuyoboro wa SMA na 3.5mm.
Umuhuza wa 2.92mm ufite imikorere myiza y'amashanyarazi mu rugero rwa frequency (0-46 GHz) kandi ukorana neza na mekanike n'umuhuza wa SMA na 3.5mm. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yahise iba imwe mu mihuza ya mmWave ikoreshwa cyane.
Umuhuza wa 2.4mm
Iterambere ry'umuhuza wa 2.4mm ryakozwe ku bufatanye na HP (uwabanjirije Keysight Technologies), Amphenol na M/A-COM. Rishobora gufatwa nk'iryoroheje rya 3.5mm connector, bityo hari ukwiyongera gukomeye kw'umuvuduko ntarengwa. Uyu muhuza ukoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu ya 50GHz kandi mu by'ukuri ushobora gukora kugeza kuri 60GHz. Kugira ngo hakemurwe ikibazo cy'uko imihuza ya SMA na 2.92mm ishobora kwangirika, umuhuza wa 2.4mm wagenewe gukuraho izi mbogamizi binyuze mu kongera ubunini bw'urukuta rw'inyuma rw'umuhuza no gukomeza imisumari y'abagore. Iyi miterere mishya ituma umuhuza wa 2.4mm ukora neza mu mikoreshereze ya frequency yo hejuru.
Iterambere ry'imiyoboro ya antene ryavuye ku miterere yoroheje y'imigozi rigera ku bwoko bwinshi bw'imiyoboro ifite imikorere myiza. Uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere, imiyoboro ikomeza gukurikirana imiterere y'ingano nto, inshuro nyinshi n'umuyoboro munini w'itumanaho kugira ngo ihuze n'impinduka mu itumanaho ridafite umugozi. Buri muyoboro ufite imiterere n'ibyiza byawo mu bihe bitandukanye byo gukoreshwa, bityo guhitamo umuyoboro wa antene ukwiye ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho ireme n'ubudahangarwa bw'ihererekanyamakuru ry'amakuru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-26-2023
