Umuhuza wa antenne ni umuhuza wa elegitoronike ukoreshwa muguhuza ibikoresho bya radio na insinga.Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru ni ugukwirakwiza ibimenyetso byinshi.
Umuhuza afite ibintu byiza cyane bihuza biranga, byemeza ko ibimenyetso byerekana no gutakaza bigabanuka mugihe cyoherejwe hagati ya kabili na kabili.Mubisanzwe bafite uburyo bwiza bwo gukingira kugirango babuze amashanyarazi yumuriro kutagira ingaruka kumiterere yikimenyetso.
Ubwoko bwa antenna ihuza ubwoko burimo SMA, BNC, N-bwoko, TNC, nibindi, bikwiranye nibisabwa bitandukanye.
Iyi ngingo izanakumenyesha kubantu benshi bakunze guhuza:
Umuyoboro ukoresha inshuro
Umuyoboro wa SMA
Ubwoko bwa SMA bwa RF coaxial umuhuza ni RF / microwave ihuza byakozwe na Bendix na Omni-Spectra mumpera za 1950.Nibimwe mubikoresha byakunze gukoreshwa muricyo gihe.
Mu ntangiriro, umuhuza wa SMA wakoreshwaga kuri 0.141 ″ igice cya kabili coaxial coaxial, cyakoreshwaga cyane cyane muri microwave ikoreshwa mubikorwa bya gisirikare, hamwe na dielectric ya Teflon.
Kuberako umuhuza wa SMA ari muto mubunini kandi urashobora gukora kumurongo mwinshi (intera yumurongo ni DC kugeza 18GHz mugihe ihujwe ninsinga zidakomeye, na DC kugeza 12.4GHz mugihe ihujwe ninsinga zoroshye), iragenda ikundwa cyane.Ibigo bimwe ubu birashobora gukora SMA ihuza hafi ya DC ~ 27GHz.Ndetse iterambere rya milimetero ihuza imiyoboro (nka 3.5mm, 2,92mm) ireba guhuza imashini hamwe na SMA ihuza.
Umuhuza wa SMA
Umuyoboro wa BNC
Izina ryuzuye ryumuhuza wa BNC ni Bayonet Nut Connector (snap-fit umuhuza, iri zina risobanura neza imiterere yuyu muhuza), yitiriwe uburyo bwo gufunga bayonet hamwe nabayihimbye Paul Neill na Carl Concelman.
ni umuhuza rusange wa RF ugabanya kugabanya imiraba / gutakaza.Ihuza rya BNC risanzwe rikoreshwa muri porogaramu ntoya kugeza hagati kandi ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu y'itumanaho ridafite insinga, televiziyo, ibikoresho byo gupima, n'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bya RF.
Ihuza rya BNC naryo ryakoreshwaga mumiyoboro ya mudasobwa ya mbere.Umuhuza wa BNC ashyigikira ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 4GHz, ariko birashobora kandi gukora kugeza kuri 12GHz niba verisiyo idasanzwe yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yagenewe iyi frequency ikoreshwa.Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibiranga impedance, aribyo 50 oms na 75 oms.50 ohm BNC ihuza irazwi cyane.
N Ubwoko Umuhuza
Umuyoboro wa N-ubwoko bwa N wahimbwe na Paul Neal muri Bell Labs muri 1940.Ubwoko bwa N bwahujwe bwa mbere bwashizweho kugirango buhuze ibikenewe bya gisirikare nindege kugirango bahuze sisitemu ya radar nibindi bikoresho bya radiyo.N-ihuza umuhuza yateguwe nu murongo uhujwe, utanga impedance nziza ihuza kandi ikingira imikorere, kandi irakwiriye imbaraga nyinshi hamwe na progaramu yo hasi ya porogaramu.
Inshuro yumurongo wubwoko bwa N mubisanzwe biterwa nigishushanyo cyihariye nuburinganire.Muri rusange, N-ihuza abahuza irashobora gukwirakwiza intera kuva kuri 0 Hz (DC) kugeza 11 GHz kugeza 18 GHz.Nyamara, ubuziranenge bwo mu bwoko bwa N-bwihuza bushobora gushyigikira intera ndende, igera kuri 18 GHz.Mubikorwa bifatika, N-ihuza ihuza cyane cyane ikoreshwa murwego rwo hasi kandi ruciriritse, nk'itumanaho ridafite insinga, gutangaza, itumanaho rya satelite na sisitemu ya radar.
N ubwoko bwihuza
Umuyoboro wa TNC
Umuhuza wa TNC (Threaded Neill-Concelman) yahimbwe na Paul Neill na Carl Concelman mu ntangiriro ya za 1960.Nuburyo bunoze bwumuhuza wa BNC kandi bukoresha uburyo bwo guhuza urudodo.
Ibiranga inzitizi ni 50 oms, kandi uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ni 0-11GHz.Muri microwave yumurongo wa bande, TNC ihuza ikora neza kurenza BNC.Ifite ibiranga imbaraga zo guhangana n’ihungabana, kwizerwa cyane, ibikoresho byiza bya mashini n’amashanyarazi, nibindi, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bya radio nibikoresho bya elegitoronike kugirango uhuze insinga za coaxial RF.
3.5mm Umuhuza
Ihuza rya 3.5mm ni radiyo yumurongo wa coaxial.Diameter y'imbere yuyobora hanze ni 3.5mm, ibiranga impedance ni 50Ω, naho uburyo bwo guhuza ni 1 / 4-36UNS-2 umugozi.
Mu myaka ya za 70 rwagati, amasosiyete y'Abanyamerika Hewlett-Packard na Amphenol (ahanini yatejwe imbere na HP, kandi umusaruro hakiri kare wakozwe na Amphenol Company) yatangije umuhuza wa 3.5mm, ufite inshuro zigera kuri 33GHz kandi niwo wambere. radiyo yumurongo ushobora gukoreshwa muri milimetero yumurongo.Imwe mumahuza ya coaxial.
Ugereranije na SMA ihuza (harimo na "Super SMA" ya Southwest Microwave), 3,5mm ihuza ikoresha dielectric yo mu kirere, ifite imiyoboro yo hanze cyane kurusha SMA ihuza, kandi ifite imbaraga za mashini.Kubwibyo, ntabwo imikorere yamashanyarazi gusa iruta iy'umuhuza wa SMA, ariko uburebure bwa mashini hamwe no gusubiramo imikorere nabyo birarenze ibyo guhuza SMA, bigatuma bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gupima.
2.92mm Umuhuza
Umuhuza wa 2.92mm, abayikora bamwe bayita 2.9mm cyangwa K-ubwoko bwa K, naho abayikora bamwe bayita SMK, KMC, WMP4 umuhuza, nibindi, ni umuhuza wa radiyo yumurongo wa coaxial hamwe numuyoboro wimbere wa diameter ya 2.92mm.Ibiranga Impedance ni 50Ω kandi uburyo bwo guhuza ni 1 / 4-36UNS-2 umugozi.Imiterere yacyo isa na 3.5mm ihuza, ntoya.
Mu 1983, Wiltron injeniyeri mukuru William.Old.Field yashyizeho umuhuza mushya wa 2.92mm / K ushingiye ku ncamake no gutsinda insimburangingo ya milimetero yatangijwe mbere (K-umuhuza ni ikimenyetso cyerekana).Imiyoboro yimbere yimbere yibi bihuza ni 1.27mm kandi irashobora guhuzwa na SMA ihuza na 3.5mm.
Ihuza rya 2.92mm rifite imikorere myiza yamashanyarazi murwego rwumurongo (0-46) GHz kandi irahuza imashini na SMA ihuza na 3.5mm.Nkigisubizo, byahise bihinduka umwe mubakoreshwa cyane mmWave.
2.4mm Umuhuza
Iterambere rya 2.4mm ihuza ryakozwe hamwe na HP (uwabanjirije Keysight Technologies), Amphenol na M / A-COM.Irashobora gutekerezwa nka verisiyo ntoya ya 3.5mm ihuza, bityo hakabaho kwiyongera cyane mumurongo ntarengwa.Ihuza rikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu ya 50GHz kandi irashobora gukora kugeza kuri 60GHz.Mu rwego rwo gukemura ikibazo ko SMA na 2.92mm zihuza bikunze kwangirika, umuhuza wa 2,4mm wagenewe gukuraho izo nenge wongera umubyimba wurukuta rwinyuma rwumuhuza kandi ushimangira amabati yabagore.Igishushanyo gishya cyemerera 2.4mm umuhuza gukora neza murwego rwo hejuru.
Iterambere rya antenna ihuza kuva muburyo bworoshye bwibishushanyo bigera kubwoko bwinshi bwimikorere ihanitse.Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, abahuza bakomeje gukurikirana ibiranga ubunini buto, inshuro nyinshi nubunini bwagutse kugirango bahuze ibyifuzo byitumanaho ridafite umugozi.Buri muhuza afite ibiranga ibyiza hamwe nibyiza muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, guhitamo rero antenne ibereye ni ngombwa cyane kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge n’umutekano wo kohereza ibimenyetso.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-26-2023
