Amakuru - Antena ya Helical: Amahitamo meza kuri polarization ya Broadband Circular - Kuva kuri Theory kugeza kuri Applications

AAntena yo mu bwoko bwa Spiralni urugero rusanzwe rwa antene y'insinga, irangwa n'imiterere yayo isa n'uruziga. Ni antene ya interineti ikwiriye imigozi ya VHF na UHF.

Antene ikora ku murongo wa helikopita ikora ku ntera iri hagati ya 30 MHz na 3 GHz, cyane cyane ikorera ku miyoboro ya VHF na UHF.

Amahame yo kubaka no gukora kwa Antena yo mu buryo bw'umwuka

Antena yo mu bwoko bwa Spiral ikorwa binyuze mu kuzunguruka igikoresho cy’itumanaho mu ishusho y’uruziga hanyuma kikagihuza n’ubutaka binyuze mu murongo w’itumanaho. Ifite imiterere yoroshye, ikora imiraba izunguruka kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho ryo hanze y’isi nka sisitemu zo kuzenguruka za satelite.

Ishusho iri hejuru igaragaza sisitemu ya Spiral Antenna ikoreshwa mu itumanaho rya satelite. Antenne nk'izo zisanzwe zikenera umwanya uhagije wo gushyiramo hanze.

Antena yo mu bwoko bwa Spiral igizwe n'insinga nini y'umuringa cyangwa umuyoboro ukoze mu cyuma gikoze mu cyuma gifunganye, gikorana n'icyuma gifunganye. Impera imwe ya helix ihujwe n'icyuma cyo hagati cy'insinga ya coaxial, mu gihe icyuma cyo hanze gifatanye n'icyumba cyo hasi.

Ishusho iri hejuru igaragaza imiterere ya Antena yo mu bwoko bwa Spiral, hamwe n'ishusho irambuye y'ibiyigize.

Imiterere y'imirasire ya Antena yo mu bwoko bwa Spiral iterwa ahanini n'umurambararo wa helix, intera iri hagati yo guhindukira (pitch), n'inguni y'umurambararo.

Inguni y'umuvuduko isobanurwa nk'inguni iri hagati ya tangent na helix n'indege isanzwe kuri axis ya helix, kandi itangwa na:

Aho:

•D ni umurambararo w'agace ka helix

•S ni umuvuduko (intera iri hagati y'impande zombi)

•α ni inguni y'umuvuduko

Uburyo bwo Gukora

Antena zo mu bwoko bwa Spiral zikora mu buryo bubiri bw'ibanze:

•Uburyo busanzwe (buzwi kandi nka uburyo bw'imirasire igororotse)

•Uburyo bwo guhagarara (buzwi kandi nk'uburyo bwo kurangiza umuriro cyangwa uburyo bwo gukoresha imirasire y'imirasire y'imirasire)

Buri buryo bwasobanuwe mu buryo burambuye hepfo.

Mu buryo busanzwe bwo gukoresha imirasire, umurima urimo imirasire uba ugororotse ku murongo wa helix, kandi umuraba urimo imirasire uba uzunguruka. Ubu buryo bugerwaho iyo ingano ya helix ari nto ugereranije n'uburebure bw'umurambararo. Muri iki gihe, imiterere y'imirasire ya antene ya helical ishobora gufatwa nk'uruvange rwa antene ngufi ya dipole na antene izunguruka.

Ishusho iri hejuru igaragaza imiterere y'imirasire ya Antena yo mu bwoko bwa Spiral ikora mu buryo busanzwe.

Ubu buryo bugenwa n'umurambararo wa helix D n'intera iri hagati y'impande S. Ingaruka mbi z'ubu buryo bwo gukora zirimo ubushobozi buke bw'imirasire n'umurambararo muto; bityo, ntibukunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bifatika.

Uburyo bwo gufunga

Mu buryo bw'imirasire y'umurongo umwe, umurima urimo imirasire ugaragaza imiterere y'umuriro uturutse ku murongo wa helix, kandi umuraba urimo imirasire urimo imirasire ugizwe n'uruziga cyangwa hafi ya polari. Ubu buryo bugerwaho iyo umuzenguruko wa helix wongerewe kugeza ku murongo umwe w'uburebure (λ) kandi intera iri hagati y'izunguruka ikaba hafi λ/4. Muri ibi bihe, imiterere y'imirasire iba nini ku murongo umwe hamwe n'imiterere y'icyerekezo, kandi impande zigaragara ku nguni zitandukanye n'umurongo umwe.

Ishusho iri hejuru igaragaza imiterere y'imirasire ya Antena yo mu bwoko bwa Spiral ikora mu buryo bwa axial.

Iyo antene yagenewe imiraba ya RHCP izunguruka iburyo, ntabwo izakira imiraba ya LHCP izunguruka ibumoso, kandi ibinyuranye n'ibyo. Ubu buryo bwo gukora bworoshye kubushyira mu bikorwa kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa bifatika.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya Spiral Antena ni ibi bikurikira:

•Imiterere yoroshye kandi yoroshye kuyishushanya

•Ubuyobozi buri hejuru

•Umuyoboro munini w'itumanaho

•Ishobora kugira uruziga rwo gutandukanya ibintu (circular polarization)

•Bikwiriye imigozi ya HF na VHF

Imikoreshereze y'ingenzi ya Spiral Antena ni iyi ikurikira:

•Antene imwe ya helical cyangwa arrays zayo zikoreshwa mu kohereza no kwakira ibimenyetso bya VHF

•Ikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu z'itumanaho za satelite na deep-space probe

•Ikoreshwa mu guhuza ibisasu bya elegitoroniki, ibyogajuru, n'ibiro by'isi

•Ikoreshwa mu gushyiraho itumanaho hagati y'Ukwezi n'Isi

•Inagira uruhare runini mu bikorwa by'ubumenyi bw'ikirere hakoreshejwe radiyo