Ni gute wagera ku guhuza impedance y'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi? Dukurikije inyigisho y'umurongo w'amashanyarazi muri inyigisho ya antene ya microstrip, tuzi ko imirongo ikwiye cyangwa ijyanye n'imiyoboro ishobora gutoranywa kugira ngo habeho guhuza impedance hagati y'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi cyangwa hagati y'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'imitwaro kugira ngo habeho kohereza ingufu nyinshi no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza urumuri. Ihame rimwe ryo guhuza impedance mu miyoboro ya microstrip rikoreshwa no guhuza impedance mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Kugaragaza urumuri muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi bishobora gutuma habaho kudahuza impedance. Iyo impedance yangiritse, igisubizo ni kimwe no ku mirongo y'amashanyarazi, ni ukuvuga guhindura agaciro gakenewe. Impedance ivanze ishyirwa ku ngingo zabanje kubarwa muri waveguide kugira ngo itsinde kudahuza, bityo ikurweho ingaruka z'igaragaza urumuri. Mu gihe imirongo y'amashanyarazi ikoresha impedance cyangwa stubs zivanze, waveguide ikoresha ibyuma bifite imiterere itandukanye.
ishusho ya 1: Indorerwamo z'umuraba n'urusobe rw'amazi rungana, (a) Ifite ubushobozi bwo gupima; (b) Ifite ubushobozi bwo gupima; (c) Ifite ubushobozi bwo gupima.
Ishusho ya 1 igaragaza ubwoko butandukanye bwo guhuza impedance, ifata imiterere iyo ari yo yose yagaragajwe kandi ishobora kuba ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora, injiza cyangwa ihuza. Isesengura ry'imibare riragoye, ariko ibisobanuro bifatika si byo. Urebye umurongo wa mbere w'icyuma ukoresha imbaraga mu ishusho, bigaragara ko ubushobozi bwari hagati y'inkuta zo hejuru n'izo hasi z'umurongo w'ingufu (mu buryo bunini) ubu buri hagati y'ubuso bubiri bw'icyuma buri hafi, bityo ubushobozi ni I ngingo iriyongera. Mu buryo bunyuranye, icyuma kiri ku Ishusho ya 1b cyemerera umuriro gutembera aho utari utembera mbere. Hazabaho uburyo bw'amashanyarazi mu gice cy'amashanyarazi cyari cyarazamuwe mbere bitewe no kongeramo icyuma. Kubwibyo, kubika ingufu biba mu butaka bwa rukuruzi kandi uburyo bwo gukora ingufu kuri iyo ngingo y'umurongo w'ingufu buriyongera. Byongeye kandi, niba imiterere n'aho impeta y'icyuma iri ku Ishusho ya c byakozwe mu buryo bukwiye, uburyo bwo gukora ingufu n'uburyo bwo gukora ingufu byashyizweho bizaba bingana, kandi umwanya uzaba uhwanye. Ibi bivuze ko guhuza impedance no gutunganya mode nyamukuru ari byiza cyane, kandi ingaruka zo gufunga (shunting effect) z'iyi mode ntizizaba nke cyane. Ariko, ubundi buryo cyangwa imirongo bizagabanuka, bityo impeta y'icyuma ikora nk'akayunguruzo k'ingufu (bandpass filter) ndetse n'akayunguruzo k'uburyo.
ishusho ya 2: (a) imyanya y'ubuyobozi bw'amajwi; (b) igereranya ry'imigozi ibiri
Ubundi buryo bwo gukosora bugaragazwa haruguru, aho inkingi y'icyuma izunguruka iva ku mpande imwe nini ijya ku murongo w'ingufu, ikagira ingaruka zimwe n'umurongo w'icyuma mu bijyanye no gutanga reactance ivanze kuri iyo ngingo. Inkingi y'icyuma ishobora kuba ikora cyangwa ikora, bitewe n'uburebure bwayo igera ku murongo w'ingufu. Mu by'ukuri, ubu buryo bwo guhuza ni uko iyo inkingi y'icyuma igeze gato mu murongo w'ingufu, itanga capacitive susceptance kuri iyo ngingo, kandi capacitive susceptance yiyongera kugeza igihe kwinjira bigeze kuri kimwe cya kane cy'uburebure bw'umurambararo. Kuri iyi ngingo, resonance y'uruhererekane ibaho. Kwinjira kurushaho kw'inkingi y'icyuma bituma habaho intake ikora, ikagabanuka uko ishyirwamo rirushaho kuba ryuzuye. Ingufu za resonance mu gushyiraho hagati zihwanye n'umurambararo w'inkingi kandi zishobora gukoreshwa nk'akayunguruzo, ariko, muri iki gihe ikoreshwa nk'akayunguruzo ko guhagarika band kugira ngo yohereze uburyo bwo hejuru. Ugereranyije no kongera impedance y'imirongo y'icyuma, inyungu ikomeye yo gukoresha inkingi z'icyuma ni uko zoroshye kuzihindura. Urugero, vis ebyiri zishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gutunganya kugira ngo habeho guhuza neza umurongo w'ingufu.
Imitwaro n'ibigabanya imbaraga birwanya:
Kimwe n'izindi sisitemu zose zo kohereza ubutumwa, hari igihe za waveguides zisaba guhuza impedance neza no gukosora imizigo kugira ngo zikingure neza imiraba yinjira idasubirwamo kandi idafata frequency. Imwe mu mikoreshereze ya terminals nk'izo ni ugupima imbaraga zitandukanye kuri sisitemu nta ngufu zitanga.
ishusho ya 3 umutwaro wo kurwanya umuvuduko (a) umuvuduko umwe (b) umuvuduko ubiri
Iherezo rikunze kugaragara cyane ni igice cya dielectric itakaza ingufu gishyirwa ku mpera y'umurongo w'ingufu kandi gikozwe mu buryo bwa "waveguide" (agace k'inkombe kerekeza ku muraba winjira) kugira ngo kidatera "reflection". Iki gikoresho gitakaza ingufu gishobora gufata ubugari bwose bw'umurongo w'ingufu, cyangwa gishobora gufata gusa hagati y'inkombe y'umurongo w'ingufu, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3. Umuyoboro w'ingufu ushobora kuba umwe cyangwa ibiri kandi ubusanzwe ufite uburebure bwa λp/2, ufite uburebure bugera kuri bubiri bw'uburebure. Ubusanzwe ukorwa mu masahani ya dielectric nk'ikirahure, gitwikiriwe na carbon film cyangwa ikirahure cy'amazi inyuma. Ku ngufu nyinshi, izo "terminals" zishobora kongerwaho "bushyuhe" inyuma y'umurongo w'ingufu, kandi ingufu zitangwa kuri uwo murongo zishobora gukurwaho binyuze mu gice cy'ingufu cyangwa binyuze mu gukonjesha umwuka.
ishusho ya 4. Igikoresho cyo gupima imashini kigendanwa
Ibikoresho bigabanya ingufu bya Dielectric bishobora gukurwaho nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 4. Bishyizwe hagati y'umurongo w'ingufu, bishobora kwimurwa mu ruhande kuva hagati y'umurongo w'ingufu, aho bizatanga ubukana bunini, bikagera ku nkengero, aho ubukana bugabanuka cyane kubera ko imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zo mu bwoko bwa dominant ari nke cyane.
Kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kugabanya umuvuduko mu murongo w'ingufu:
Kugabanya ingufu z'amakuru ayobora umuraba bikubiyemo ahanini ibi bikurikira:
1. Ibitekerezo bivuye ku kutumvikana kw'imbere mu miyoboro y'amazi cyangwa ibice by'imiyoboro y'amazi bitari mu murongo
2. Igihombo giterwa n'amazi atemba mu nkuta ziyobora umuraba
3. Igihombo cya Dielectric mu miyoboro yuzuye y'amazi
Ebyiri za nyuma zisa n'ibihombo bihuye mu mirongo ya coaxial kandi byombi ni bito cyane. Iki gihombo giterwa n'ibikoresho byo ku rukuta n'ubukana bwabyo, dielectric ikoreshwa ndetse n'inshuro (biterwa n'ingaruka z'uruhu). Ku muyoboro w'umuringa, intera iri hagati ya 4 dB/100m kuri 5 GHz na 12 dB/100m kuri 10 GHz, ariko ku muyoboro wa aluminiyumu, intera iri hasi. Ku miyoboro y'amazi ya silver-coated waveguides, igihombo gikunze kuba 8dB/100m kuri 35 GHz, 30dB/100m kuri 70 GHz, na hafi 500 dB/100m kuri 200 GHz. Kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo, cyane cyane ku miyoboro yo hejuru, imiyoboro y'amazi rimwe na rimwe ishyirwa (imbere) zahabu cyangwa platine.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, waveguide ikora nk'akayunguruzo gatuma umuntu anyura cyane. Nubwo waveguide ubwayo idatakaza, frequencies ziri munsi y'umuvuduko wo guhagarara ziragabanuka cyane. Uku kugabanuka guterwa no kugaragara ku kanwa k'umuvuduko aho kuba ukukwirakwira.
Guhuza umurongo w'amaza:
Guhuza kwa Waveguide bikunze kubaho binyuze mu migozi iyo ibice cyangwa ibice bya waveguide bifatanye. Akamaro k'iyi flange ni ukugira ngo habeho guhuza neza ikoranabuhanga n'imikorere ikwiye y'amashanyarazi, cyane cyane imirasire yo hanze mike n'ishusho nke y'imbere.
Ikirango:
Uduce twa Waveguide dukoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho rya mikoroonde, sisitemu za radar, itumanaho rya satelite, sisitemu za antene, n'ibikoresho bya laboratwari mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Dukoreshwa mu guhuza ibice bitandukanye bya waveguide, kwemeza ko amazi n'ingaruka byakumirwa, no kubungabunga uburyo nyabwo bwo guhuza waveguide kugira ngo habeho kohereza neza kw'amashanyarazi no gushyira neza aho imiraba ya electromagnetic iherereye. Uduce dusanzwe twa waveguide dufite flange ku mpera zose, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 5.
ishusho ya 5 (a) icyuma gisanzwe; (b) icyuma gihuza icyuma.
Ku murongo wo hasi, flange izashyirwa ku murongo cyangwa ihambire ku murongo w'ingufu, mu gihe ku murongo wo hejuru hakoreshwa flange igororotse. Iyo ibice bibiri bifatanye, flange zihambirirwa hamwe, ariko impera zigomba kurangizwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu bitandukana mu murongo. Birumvikana ko byoroshye guhuza ibice neza hamwe n'uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo guhindura, bityo flange ntoya rimwe na rimwe ziba zifite flange zifite imigozi ishobora gufatishwa hamwe n'umugozi w'impeta. Uko inshuro ziyongera, ingano y'umurongo w'ingufu iragabanuka mu buryo busanzwe, kandi kudakomeza guhuza kugaragara kugaragara kuba gukomeye ugereranije n'uburebure bw'umurambararo w'ikimenyetso n'ingano y'umurongo w'ingufu. Kubwibyo, kudakomeza ku murongo w'ingufu ku murongo wo hejuru birushaho kuba ikibazo.
ishusho ya 6 (a) Igice cy'aho ihurizo rya choke rihurira; (b) ishusho y'iherezo ry'urukiramende rwa choke
Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, hashobora gusigara icyuho gito hagati y’amakuru y’ingufu, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 6. Guhuza kwa choke kugizwe n’urukiramende rusanzwe n’urukiramende rwa choke bihujwe hamwe. Kugira ngo habeho guhagarara gushoboka, impeta ya choke izengurutse ifite ishusho ya L ikoreshwa muri choke flange kugira ngo habeho guhuza gukomeye. Bitandukanye n’urukiramende rusanzwe, urukiramende rwa choke rushobora kwitabwaho n’urukiramende, ariko igishushanyo cyiza gishobora kwemeza ko hari umurambararo ukwiye (wenda 10% by’umurambararo wo hagati) aho SWR itarenga 1.05.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 15-2024
