Umuyoboro udafite umugozi ugenda ushirani ihindagurika ry'ubunini bw'ikimenyetso cyakiriwe, icyiciro cyangwa imbaraga biterwa n'impinduka mu nzira yo gukwirakwiza. Bishobora kugabanya ingano y'urukiramende, guhindura ibimenyetso bya interineti binini no gutuma ibipimo bya RF bigorana kongera kubyara. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bw'ihindagurika ry'urukiramende muri sisitemu bifasha injeniyeri guhitamo antene zikwiye, uburyo bwo gupima n'uburyo bwo kugabanya ingaruka.
Iyi mfashanyigisho isobanura uburyo imiyoboro minini n'iciriritse ishira, imiyoboro igororotse n'ihitamo inshuro, uburyo imiyoboro ishira buhoro kandi vuba, hamwe n'uburyo imiyoboro isanzwe ikoreshwa mu mibare. Igaragaza kandi uburyo imiterere ya antene, polarisation na geometry y'igerageza bigira ingaruka ku bipimo bifatika byo kushira.
Kuzimira kw'imiyoboro idafite umugozi ni iki?
Ijwi rya radiyo ntirikunze kugera ku cyuma gifata urumuri binyuze mu nzira imwe gusa. Inyubako, ubutaka, ibinyabiziga, ibikoresho n'ibindi bintu bishobora kuziba, kugarura urumuri, gukwirakwiza cyangwa gukwirakwiza imiraba ya elegitoroniki. Bityo, kopi nyinshi z'ijwi rimwe zishobora kuza hamwe n'ubutinda, uburebure, ibyiciro n'inguni bitandukanye byo kugera. Guhuza kwabyo bishobora kuba ingirakamaro ahantu hamwe cyangwa inshuro imwe no kwangiza ahandi.
Gushira bitandukanye no gutakaza inzira y’ahantu higenga. Gushira inzira bisobanura kugabanuka k’ingufu muri rusange uko intera n’inshuro byiyongera, mu gihe gushira bisobanura impinduka z’inyongera kuri iyo mpuzandengo. Abahanga mu by’imashini bashyira gushira ku byiciro bibiri byigenga: urwego rw’ahantu n’uburyo bwo guhitamo inzira.
Ishusho ya 1.Impinduka zigenda buhoro kandi zihuse mu rwego rw'ikimenyetso cyakiriwe zigaragaza igihe cyangwa intera bitandukanye bishira.
Uburyo Wireless Fading Ishyirwa mu Bice
Kugabanuka gukomeyeisobanura impinduka zigenda zigaruka buhoro buhoro mu ntera ndende, ahanini bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'inzira n'igicucu.Kugabanuka gutoisobanura impinduka zihuse mu ntera ngufi cyangwa mu gihe gito bitewe n'inzira nyinshi n'ingendo.
Gushira kw'izuba mu rugero ruto bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe gutinda gukwirakwira nk'ibisanzwe cyangwa ibisanzwe, naho gukwirakwira kwa Doppler nk'ibisanzwe cyangwa ibisanzwe. Ibi ni bimwe mu byiciro bitandukanye: umuyoboro ushobora kuba ugororotse kandi wihuta, ugororotse kandi ugenda buhoro, uhitamo inshuro n'ibisanzwe kandi wihuta, cyangwa ugahitamo inshuro n'ibisanzwe kandi ugenda buhoro.
Gushira kw'Inzira N'Igicucu Kinini: Gutakaza Inzira
Icyerekezo cy'ibura ry'inzira
Gutakaza inzira ni ukugabanuka k’ingufu zakirwa hamwe n’intera yo gukwirakwiza. Mu mwanya udafite imbogamizi, igihombo gifitanye isano n’uburebure bw’umuraba n’intera. Ibidukikije nyabyo byongera ubutaka, akajagari, ingaruka z’ikirere n’uburebure bw’antene, bityo ingengo y’imari ifatika ikoresha icyitegererezo cyo gukwirakwiza gikwiranye n’imiterere y’aho gishyirwa.
Igicucu kirashira
Igicucu kibaho iyo ibintu binini bibangamiye inzira yo gukwirakwira mu buryo butaziguye igice cyangwa burundu. Inyubako, imisozi, imashini n'ibinyabiziga bishobora guteza impinduka buhoro buhoro mu rwego rwakiriwe uko icyuma gitanga amakuru, icyakira cyangwa ibidukikije bikikije bihinduka. Igicucu gikunze kugaragara mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo ku ibura ry'inzira y'aho hantu.
Gushira mu rugero ruto: Uburyo bwinshi n'uburyo ibintu bigenda
Kuzimira kw'urutare ugereranije no kuzimira inshuro nyinshi
Umuyoboro ni hafigucika integeiyo umurambararo wayo w’ubuhuza urenze umurambararo w’ikimenyetso gikoreshwa. Hanyuma umuyoboro uhindura uburebure n’icyitegererezo cy’ikimenyetso udahinduye cyane imiterere yacyo.
Umuyoboro ubaguhitamo inshuroiyo bandwidth y'ikimenyetso ari nini ugereranije n'bandwidth y'ubufatanye. Ibice bitandukanye bya spectral bigira inyungu zitandukanye n'icyiciro. Impamvu nyamukuru ni ugukwirakwira kw'inzira nyinshi gukemuka, bishobora guteza ikibazo hagati y'ibimenyetso mu miyoboro ya digitale.
Kugabanuka buhoro ugereranije no kugabanuka vuba
Kugabanuka buhoro buhorobivuze ko umuyoboro uhinduka gato mu gihe cy'amatangazo ajyanye n'igihe.Igabanuka ryihusebivuze ko umuyoboro uhinduka cyane muri icyo gihe. Ingendo hagati y’icyuma gitanga amakuru, icyakira n’ibikoresho biwukikije bitanga Doppler ihindagurika kandi bigagabanya igihe cyo guhuza imiyoboro.
| Gushyira mu byiciro | Kugereranya ingingo z'ingenzi | Ingaruka zisanzwe |
|---|---|---|
| Kugabanuka kw'ikirenge | Umupaka w'amajwi ni muto ugereranije n'umupaka w'amajwi | Impinduka nini z'ubwinshi n'icyiciro mu kimenyetso cyose |
| Guhitamo inshuro | Ubunini bw'amajwi buruta ubunini bw'ubugari bw'amajwi | Kugoreka kwa spectral no kubangamirana kw'ibimenyetso hagati y'abantu |
| Kugabanuka buhoro buhoro | Igihe cyo guhuza ni kirekire ugereranyije n'igihe cyo kwerekana ibimenyetso | Impinduka z'urwego rw'imikoranire buhoro buhoro |
| Igabanuka ryihuse | Igihe cyo guhuza ni gito ugereranyije n'igihe cyo kwerekana ibimenyetso | Ihindagurika ryihuse n'ubumuga buterwa na Doppler |
Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gushira kw'Ibarurishamibare
- Rayleigh arashira:ikoreshwa cyane iyo nta gice cy’ingenzi cy’umurongo ugaragara gihari kandi ikimenyetso cyakiriwe gikozwe n’ibice byinshi bitatanye.
- Ubushyuhe bwa Rician:ikubiyemo igice kinini kirimo ibice byinshi bitatanye. Rician K-factor igaragaza igipimo cy'imbaraga kiri hagati y'ibice bikomeye n'ibitandukanye.
- Nakagami irashira:ikwirakwizwa ry’ibintu rihindagurika rishobora kwerekana uburemere butandukanye bw’ihindagurika binyuze mu gipimo cy’imiterere yaryo.
- Weibull irashira:irindi tandukaniro ry’ibarurishamibare rishobora guhinduka ryakoreshejwe mu bidukikije byapimwe byapimwe.
Guhitamo moderi bigomba gushingira ku bidukikije nyabyo, inshuro, uburyo bwo kugenda, imiterere ya antene n'amakuru yo gupima. Imikorere ya MATLAB igezweho ikoresha ibintu nkacomm.RayleighChannelnacomm.RicianChannelaho kuba imirimo ishaje yavuzwe muri verisiyo ya kera y'iyi ngingo.
Ishusho ya 3.Itangwa ry'amabahasha y'imibare ritanga ingero nto z'imyitwarire yapimwe igenda ishira.
Uburyo Gucika intege bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya sisitemu ya RF
Gushira kw'amajwi bishobora kugabanya imbaraga zakira, kugabanya igipimo cy'urusaku hagati y'amajwi n'amajwi, kongera umuvuduko w'amakosa no guhagarika umurongo wa radiyo. Gushira kw'amajwi mu buryo bwo guhitamo inshuro nyinshi bishobora no guhindura imiterere y'amajwi mu buryo bwa "wideband waveforms", mu gihe guhinduranya Doppler mu buryo bwihuse bishobora gutuma gupima imiyoboro bigorana.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo kugabanya ubukana bw'indwara burimo:
- ihuriro rihagije ry’imiyoboro no kugenzura inyungu mu buryo bwikora;
- igihe, inshuro, itandukaniro ry'ahantu cyangwa ivangura;
- uburinganire n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiyoboro myinshi y'amashanyarazi;
- gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro, guhuza no guhindura uburyo bwo kuyikoresha;
- Gutunganya MIMO no kuyobora imirasire;
- Gushyira antene neza, guhitamo imiterere no kugenzura imiterere y'amajwi.
Nta buryo bumwe bukuraho uburyo bwose bwo kuzimira. Uburyo bukwiye bushingira ku mibare y’imiyoboro, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru, uburyo bwo kugenda, ibisabwa mu gukwirakwiza amakuru n’ubushobozi bwo kuzimira bwemewe.
Ishusho ya 4.Amakuru yapimwe agomba kugaragaza niba ikwirakwizwa ry'ibarurishamibare rikwiye ku muyoboro runaka.
Guhitamo Antena zo Gupima Ijwi ry'Umuyoboro no Gupima Ihindagurika
Antene ntabwo ikora umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza ubwayo, ahubwo igira ingaruka zikomeye ku nzira n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza cyangwa kwakira. Inyungu, ubugari bw'imirasire, imiterere y'imirasire, ubuziranenge bwa polarization, guhagarara neza kw'ibyiciro hamwe n'imiterere y'aho ushyira byose bishobora kugira ingaruka ku myitwarire y'umuyoboro wapimwe.
Ku bipimo bishobora gusubiramo umuyoboro cyangwa gucika intege, andika:
- urwego rwuzuye rw'impinduka n'uburyo bwo gupima ako kanya;
- kwiyongera kwa antene n'ubugari bw'umurambararo ku nshuro nyinshi;
- ibisabwa ku gutandukanya umurongo, umurongo ubiri cyangwa uruziga;
- uburebure bwa antene, icyerekezo, intera n'imiterere ikikije;
- RF connector, gutakaza insinga no gupima uburebure bw'umuyoboro;
- uburyo bwo kohereza, kwakira no gukwirakwiza ibintu;
- gutinda gukwirakwira, gukwirakwira kwa Doppler hamwe n'urwego rukenewe rw'ingufu.
Amahitamo ya antene ya RF MISO
RF MISO ikora kandi igatanga antene za RF na mikorobe zo mu bwoko bwa RF zo gukora muri laboratwari, mu murima no mu guhuza sisitemu. Bitewe n'uburyo bukenewe bwo gupima no gupima, injeniyeri zishobora gusuzumaantene za interineti zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezwehoku bipimo by'umurongo mugari w'icyerekezo,antene zikoresha log-periodickugira ngo habeho uburyo bwagutse bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru, cyangwaantene z'icyerekezo cyoseku bushakashatsi bwatoranyijwe mu bijyanye no gukwirakwiza no gutangaza amakuru.
Suzuma urupapuro rw'amakuru rw'icyitegererezo ruriho ubu kugira ngo urebe niba hari ingano y'amakuru, inyungu, uburinganire, VSWR, connector n'ingano za mekanike. Kugira ngo uhitemo porogaramu yihariye, sangiza itsinda ry'igerageza, bandwidth, imiterere ikenewe, uburinganire, uburinganire n'ibidukikije byo gupima n'ibipimo byabyo n'itsinda rya RF MISO.
Ganira ku bisabwa ku gupima RF yawe
RF MISO ishobora gufasha kumenya amahitamo ya antene yo gukoresha mu gupima imiyoboro, kwiga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza, gusuzuma sisitemu idafite insinga n'ibipimo bifitanye isano na RF.
Inyandiko zishingiye ku byo wasomye n'ibindi byaguzwe
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-14-2023
