Uburyo bwo kugaburira antena ya Microstrip: Ubwoko n'uburyo bwo guhitamo

Ifunguro rya Antena ya Microstrip ni iki?

Ihuza isoko ya RF cyangwa receiver n'agace karabagirana mu gihe ihindura impedance ya sisitemu kuri impedance y'inyongera ya antene. Mu buryo bufatika, ihuza ni igice cya antene aho kuba utuntu dutandukanye. Imiterere yayo ihindura imiterere y'ubu, ingano ya resonant, igihombo cyo kugaruka, bandwidth ikoreshwa n'imirasire idakenewe.

Uburyo bwo kohereza antene za microstrip bukunze kugabanywamo uburyo bwo gukoranaho butaziguye n'uburyo bwo gukoranaho butaziguye. Uburyo bwo kohereza antene za microstrip na probe za coaxial bukora amashanyarazi ataziguye kuri patch. Uburyo bwo kohereza antene za microstrip n'ubwo kohereza hafi butuma ingufu zinyura mu kohereza antene za elegitoroniki kandi ubusanzwe bukoresha urwego rurenze rumwe rw'ubutaka.

Uburyo bune bw'ingenzi bwo kugaburira antena ya Microstrip

1. Uburyo bwo kohereza umurongo wa Microstrip

Mu buryo bwa microstrip line feed, umurongo wa transmission wacapwe uhujwe neza na patch. Umurongo na patch bishobora gukorwa kuri substrate imwe mu buryo bumwe bwa PCB, bigatuma ubu buryo bworoha, budasobanutse neza kandi bukwiriye gukorwa ku giciro gito ndetse no mu buryo bwinshi bwacapwe.

Guhuza impedance bishobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe guhindura ubugari bw'umurongo w'ingufu, hakoreshejwe agace k'inyongera, kongeramo transformer ya kimwe cya kane cy'umuraba cyangwa kunoza aho umurongo n'agace bihurira. Imbogamizi nyamukuru ni uko umurongo w'ingufu nawo utanga urumuri. Uyu muraba w'ibinyoma ushobora kugira ingaruka ku miterere ya cross-polarisation n'imiterere y'imirasire, cyane cyane iyo substrate ari nini cyane cyangwa umuyoboro w'ingufu ari muremure.

2. Uburyo bwo kugaburira icyuma gipima amazi mu buryo bwa Coaxial

Imashini ikoresha icyuma gipima amazi (coaxial probe feed) inyura mu gice cy’ubutaka n’igice cy’ubutaka. Imashini ikoresha icyuma gipima amazi (coaxial probe feed) ihujwe n’igice cy’ubutaka, mu gihe imashini ikoresha icyuma cy’imbere ihujwe n’igice cy’ubutaka. Kwimura aho icyuma gipima amazi gitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo guhitamo uburyo bwo kwirinda kwinjiramo hatabayeho gucapa umurongo w’icyuma gipima amazi ku buso butanga urumuri.

Ubu buryo butanga ahantu horoshye ho gushyira amashanyarazi hamwe n'imirasire mike y'amashanyarazi, ariko bisaba gucukura no guhuza amashanyarazi neza. Imashini ndende itera amashanyarazi, bityo imikorere ishobora kwangirika bitewe n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi binini cyangwa ku murongo wo hejuru. Bityo rero, imiterere y'imashini, ingano y'amashanyarazi n'ubushobozi bwo gukora bigomba gushyirwa mu buryo bwa nyuma.

3. Ifunguro rifatanye n'Aperture

Umuyoboro ufatanye n'umwobo ushyira umurongo w'amashanyarazi munsi y'ubutaka n'agace kawo hejuru. Ingufu zinyura mu mwanya uri mu butaka. Kubera ko ikirere cyo hasi gitandukanya urusobe rw'ibikoresho n'agace karabagirana, iyi gahunda itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kwitandukanya n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi kandi ishobora kugabanya imirasire idakenewe y'ibikoresho.

Ingano z'aho umurongo uherereye, aho umurongo uherereye, icyuma gifunguye, ubugari bw'aho umurongo uherereye n'ibipimo bya dielectric byose bigira ingaruka ku guhuza no guhuza. Guhuza aho umurongo uherereye bishobora gushyigikira bandwidth yagutse kurusha uburyo bwinshi bwo guhuza, ariko bisaba imiterere y'ibice byinshi no guhuza neza umurongo, aho umurongo n'aho umurongo uherereye.

4. Ifunguro rihuza hafi

Mu buryo bworoshye bwo gushyiramo ingufu, kandi bwitwa uburyo bwo gushyiramo ingufu hakoreshejwe ingufu za elegitoroniki, umurongo wa microstrip ushyirwa munsi y'aho hantu hanyuma ugatandukanywa na ho n'urwego rwa dielectric. Umurongo uhuza igice cy'aho hantu, kandi ingufu zinyuzwa mu butaka. Nta guhuza amashanyarazi ku buryo butaziguye kandi nta mwanya uri mu butaka.

Uburebure bw'aho ibintu bihurira, aho umurongo uherereye, imiterere y'ubutaka n'ubugari bw'aho ibintu bihurira bigenzura aho bihurira. Ubu buryo bushobora gutanga umurambararo munini w'impedance n'imirasire mike idasobanutse, ariko imiterere y'aho ibintu bibiri bihurira ni nini kandi yoroshye kuyihuza no kuyihuza.

Kugereranya uburyo bwo kugaburira antena ya Microstrip

Uburyo bwo kugaburira	Ubushobozi busanzwe bwo gukoresha umuyoboro w'itumanaho (bandwidth)	Ubuhanga	Imirasire / kwitandukanya n'ibindi biryo	Bikwiriye cyane
Umurongo wa Microstrip	Biri hagati kugeza bito	PCB yoroshye, ifite urwego rumwe	Imirasire myinshi yo kugaburira	Imiterere n'amashusho byacapwe bidahenze kandi bihendutse
Icupa rya Coaxial	Biri hagati kugeza bito	Gucukura no guhuza uburebure	Imirasire mike yo kugaburira	Gutunganya ahantu hatandukanye hatuma ibintu bihinduka
Ifite umwobo ufatanye	Iringaniye kugeza kuri rinini	Ibyiciro byinshi bifite aho bihurira	Gutandukanya ibiryo neza	Imiterere isaba kwitandukanya n'abandi hamwe n'uburyo bwagutse bwo gupima
Ifatanye hafi	Hagari	Ibice byinshi bifite aho bihurira	Imirasire mike y'ubuyobe	Imiterere ya interineti aho ubugari bwongereweho bwemewe

Izi ni imiterere y’igishushanyo mbonera, ntabwo ari garanti y’imikorere ihamye. Imiterere y’igipande, igihombo cya substrate, imiterere ya dielectric, ubunini, inshuro, uburebure bw’urusobe rw’ibikoresho n’uburyo bikorerwa bishobora guhindura umusaruro.

Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Uburyo Bwiza bwo Kugaburira

• Umuyoboro w'itumanaho usabwa:Gutanga amakuru mu buryo butaziguye akenshi birahagije kuri sisitemu za narrowband. Guhuza ahantu hagufi cyangwa hafi bishobora kuba byiza iyo bandwidth yagutse ya impedance ari yo isabwa mbere na mbere.
• Umubare w'imiterere n'ibyiciro:Uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu butuma imiterere y’inyubako iba nto kandi byoroshye kuyikora. Ibiryo bifatanye bisaba urwego rw’inyongera no kubihuza.
• Ubuziranenge bw'imirasire:Niba imirasire y’urusobe rw’amakuru cyangwa kwitandukanya kw’imbere n’inyuma ari ingenzi cyane, imiterere ifatanye n’ahantu hashobora gutandukanya aho umuyoboro uherereye n’aho uherereye.
• Guhuza urutonde rw'amatsinda:Imiyoboro ya microstrip icapwa ni yoroshye kuri arrays, ariko gutakaza umurongo n'imirasire ya parasite biriyongera uko umuyoboro ugenda uba muremure. Imiterere y'ibigo hamwe n'ubwihangane bw'ubwinshi/impinduka bigomba gusuzumwa hamwe.
• Inshuro n'uburyo bwo kwihanganira:Ku murongo wa milimetero-wave, ihindagurika ry'ibihuza, kwihanganira gushushanya, ubugari bw'ubutaka n'amakosa yo kwandika biba ingenzi mu by'amashanyarazi.
• Ingufu n'ubushyuhe ntarengwa:Igihombo cya conductor, ubushyuhe bwa dielectric, ubucucike bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi hamwe n'ingano y'amashanyarazi yo mu gace bigomba kugenzurwa kugira ngo harebwe urwego rw'ingufu zabugenewe.
• Ikiguzi n'uburyo bwo gusubiramo:Igishushanyo gifite umuyoboro mwiza wo kwigana gishobora kuba atari cyo gikoresho cyiza cyane mu gihe gisaba ko ibintu bigorana cyangwa guhuza neza ibintu byinshi.

Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Aho Gutanga Ingano ya Coaxial Probe

Aho probe iherereye ni ahantu hagaragaza impedance y’icyitegererezo mu gihe hashishikaza uburyo buteganyijwe hamwe n’uburyo bwo gutandukanya amashanyarazi. Ntibikwiye gutoranywa mu buryo bwikora hagati y’aho ikoreshwa, aho ingufu z’amashanyarazi zigarukira cyangwa aho ingufu z’amashanyarazi zigarukira ntarengwa.

Ku gice gisanzwe cy’urukiramende gikora mu buryo bwacyo bw’ibanze, ubukana bw’ibyinjira muri rusange buba buri hejuru hafi y’inkombe irabagirana kandi bugabanuka uko ubwikorezi bwerekeza hagati ku rugero rwa resonant. Ahantu ha 50-ohm akenshi haboneka hagati y’inkombe n’aho hagati. Ahantu nyaho haterwa n’ingano y’igice, imiterere ya substrate, umurambararo w’icyuma gipima, urwego rw’ubutaka, ihuriro n’imiterere yegereye aho.

1. Tangira n'ibipimo bya patch kugira ngo ubone frequency ya resonant ikenewe na polarization.
2. Shyira icyuma gipima ku murongo ukwiye kugira ngo gifashe gukurura uburyo wifuza no kugabanya amashami ya cross-polarized.
3. Kuraho aho uvuye ku nkombe zitanga urumuri ukoresheje electromagnetic model yuzuye kugeza igihe impedance y’icyerekezo n’igihombo cyo kugaruka bigeze.
4. Harimo uburyo bwo guhinduranya amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa coaxial, uburyo bwo gupima amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa probe, uburyo bwo gusoda, uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'ubutaka, aho amashanyarazi aherereye na radome iyo ari bimwe mu bigize ihuriro rya nyuma.
5. Hubaka icyitegererezo cyo kwihanganira ubugari bwa substrate, dielectric constant, etching na feed-position error.
6. Emeza antene yakozwe ukoresheje akanama gapima imiyoboro ya vekteri gafite ubushobozi bwo kuyikosora hanyuma uhindure gusa nyuma yo kugereranya ibipimo n'imiterere y'ishusho.

Igenzura ry'Igishushanyo n'Ibipimo

Uburyo bwo kunoza feed bugomba kwemezwa ukoresheje agaciro ka S-parameter karenze kamwe. Isuzuma ryuzuye risanzwe rikubiyemo:

• Ingano ya Resonant, S11, igihombo cyo kugaruka, VSWR na impedance bandwidth.
• Impedance nyayo n'iy'ibitekerezo byinjira mu gice cy'imikorere.
• Ubushobozi bwose, inyungu ifatika n'igihombo cy'amashanyarazi/dielectric.
• Imiterere y'imirasire ya co-polarized na cross-polarized mu miterere y'ingenzi.
• Igipimo cy'imbere n'inyuma, uruhande rw'imbere n'ihindagurika ry'imiterere riterwa n'aho umuyoboro cyangwa umuhuza unyura.
• Ikwirakwizwa ririho ubu n'ibimenyetso by'uburyo butateganijwe bwo kuzamuka kw'isi cyangwa uburyo bwo hejuru.
• Imikorere yayo iri munsi y'ubushyuhe buteganijwe, radome, aho ikorera, aho insinga zinyura n'aho zishyirwa.

Porogaramu

Antene za microstrip na arrays bikoreshwa mu byuma by'itumanaho bidafite insinga, ibikoresho bya satelite na navigation, sensor za radar, telemetry, platforms zo mu kirere, sisitemu zo gupima no gukoresha RF. Imiterere y'ibikoresho byo kohereza amakuru igomba gutoranywa hakurikijwe ibisabwa nyabyo: uburyo bworoshye bwo kohereza amakuru bushobora kuba bwiza ku gice gito cya narrowband, mu gihe uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru bushobora kuba bufite impamvu yo kohereza amakuru menshi cyangwa kwitandukanya cyane.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kohereza antene za microstrip bworoshye kurusha ubundi?

Ubusanzwe uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru ku murongo wa microstrip ni bwo bworoshye kuko umurongo n'agace bishobora gucapwa kuri substrate imwe. Biroroshye guhuza n'urusobe rw'amakuru asanzwe, nubwo imirasire y'amakuru igomba kugenzurwa.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gutanga umuvuduko wagutse kurusha iyindi?

Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru buhuza hafi n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru buhuza muri rusange butanga ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru kurusha uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru buhuza amakuru. Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru nyabwo buracyashingiye ku ishusho y'antene yuzuye n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru buhuza ibintu.

Ni iyihe funguro itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kwitandukanya n'agace karimo imirasire?

Guhuza umwobo bitanga uburyo bukomeye bwo kwitandukanya kuko imiterere y'ubutaka itandukanya umurongo w'ibiryo n'aho biherereye. Gusohora kw'aho biherereye n'imirasire y'inyuma biracyakeneye gusuzumwa.

Ese aho feed iherereye hahindura frequency ya resonant?

Intego yayo nyamukuru ni guhuza impedance, ariko probe cyangwa umurongo wayo nabyo bibangamira imirima ya electromagnetic. Probes nini, probes ndende, coupling ikomeye cyangwa feed yegereye agace k'umurima gafite ubushobozi bwo gukurura bishobora guhindura resonance ndetse na impedance yinjiye.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo kugaburira no guhuza impedance?

Gutanga serivisi zo gutanga serivisi zisobanura uburyo ingufu za RF zitangwa muri icyo gikoresho. Guhuza impedance ni inzira yo gutuma antene yinjira ihuzwa n'umurongo wo kohereza ubutumwa, akenshi upima 50 ohms. Aho feed iherereye n'imiterere y'ibintu ni ibintu by'ingenzi bihuye, ariko hari n'ibindi bikoresho by'ingenzi bihindura imiterere y'ibikoresho, inset, stubs cyangwa imiyoboro ihuye nabyo bishobora gukoreshwa.

Umwanzuro

Guhitamo uburyo bwo gushyira antene kuri microstrip ni icyemezo cyo ku rwego rwa sisitemu. Uburyo bwo gushyira antene kuri microstrip na coaxial probe bufasha koroshya no gutunganya neza, mu gihe uburyo bwo gushyira aperture na probe yegereye aho ihurira butanga uburyo bukomeye bwo kwitandukanya cyangwa bandwidth yagutse ku giciro cy'inyongera y'uburyo bwo gukora no kugenzura cyane uburyo bwo gukora. Imikorere ya nyuma igomba kwemezwa buri gihe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kwigana imiterere y'amajwi yose, isesengura ry'uburyo bwo kwihanganira ibintu no gupima neza.

Inama ku bicuruzwa bya Microstrip Antena

Suzuma RF MISOibikoresho bya antene ya microstripmunsi, cyangwahamagara itsinda ryacu ry'abahangakugira ngo tuganire ku bijyanye n'ingano y'amakuru, inyungu, polarization, interface na integration requirements.