Antena ya Rhombic ni iki?
Antene ya rhombic ni antene y'insinga y'icyerekezo igizwe n'ibintu bine biyobora amashanyarazi biteguye mu buryo bumeze nk'icyuma. Ishobora kubonwa nk'antene ebyiri za V zihujwe ku mpera, hamwe n'interuro imwe ikoreshwa nk'aho umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ushyirwa n'interuro inyuranyije n'aho umuyoboro uhagarara.
Bitandukanye na dipole ihindura ijwi, antene ya rhombic ikora neza cyane cyane nka antene igenda ikora nk'umuraba unyura mu kirere. Umuyaga wa RF uva aho unyura unyuze mu bice bine by'insinga ugana ku mutwaro urangira. Imirima ya electromagnetic ikorwa n'ibi bice ihurira hamwe ikarema uruziga rwinshi ku murongo munini wa rhombus.
Antene za Rhombic zamenyekanye cyane mu itumanaho rya HF rikora intera ndende kuko zishobora gutanga ubwikorezi bwagutse, iterambere ry’imbere ry’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi n’imiterere ihamye y’icyerekezo. Icyakora, ingano yazo nini y’umubiri ituma zikoreshwa neza mu gushyiraho ibintu bihamye kuruta urubuga rw’itumanaho ruciriritse.
Imiterere y'ibanze
Antene isanzwe ya rhombic igizwe n'insinga enye zingana zihagaze hejuru y'ubutaka. Izi nsinga zose hamwe zikora rhombus itambitse ifite inguni ebyiri zikomeye n'inguni ebyiri zijimye.
Antene inyuzwa ku mpera imwe, mu gihe impera inyuranye ihujwe na resistor idatuma ibintu birangira. Iyi resistor itoranywa kugira ngo igereranye impedance iranga imiterere ya antene no gukurura ingufu zisigaye z'umuraba ugenda.
Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'igishushanyo mbonera birimo:
- Uburebure bwa buri gice cy'insinga
- Inguni iteye ubwoba cyangwa yo hejuru ya rhombus
- Uburebure bw'inyubako hejuru y'ubutaka
- Impedansi y'aho feed-point iherereye
- Guhagarika ubwirinzi
- Umwanya w'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi
- Intera y'impinduka zigamije n'inzira yo gukwirakwiza
Inguni nziza ntabwo ari agaciro gahoraho ku isi yose. Biterwa n'uburebure bw'amashanyarazi bwa buri ruhande n'ubutumburuke bwifuzwa hamwe n'icyerekezo cya azimuth cy'umurabyo mukuru.
Ishusho ya 1. Imiterere y'ibanze ya antene ya rhombic ihagaze.
Antena ya Rhombic ikora ite?
Buri ruhande rwa rhombus rukora nk'icyuma gishyushya imirasire gifite insinga ndende. Uko umuriro ukwirakwira ku byuma biyobora amashanyarazi, buri gice cy'insinga gitanga igice cy'imirasire y'icyerekezo.
Iyo ingano n'inguni bya antene byatoranijwe neza, imirima irabagirana ku mpande enye irakomerana mu cyerekezo cy'imbere. Mu bindi byerekezo, bimwe mu bice by'umurima birahagarika igice. Umusaruro uhuriweho ni igiti kinini gito kiri ku ruhande rurerure rwa rhombus.
Resistor irangiza imikorere igira uruhare runini. Mu gukurura ingufu zigera ku mpera, igabanya urumuri rw'amashanyarazi kandi ikabuza umuraba ukomeye uhagaze gukora ku bayobora. Ibi bifasha antene kugumana impedance ihamye n'imiterere y'imirasire mu rugero rwagutse rw'umuvuduko.
Impinduka ni imikorere myiza. Igice cy'ingufu za transmitter gihindurwamo ubushyuhe muri resistor irangira aho kuba imirasire. Igishushanyo mbonera cya antena rero gisaba uburinganire hagati y'ubuyobozi, umurambararo w'amajwi, ubudahangarwa bw'impedansi n'imikorere myiza y'imirasire.
Ingano y'ingufu n'ingano y'amashanyarazi
Antene zisanzwe zifite imiterere ya rhombic zifitanye isano rya hafi n'itumanaho rya HF. Kuri izi frequencies, impande za antene akenshi ziba zifite uburebure bw'uburebure butandukanye, bigatuma imiterere irushaho kugira icyerekezo kinini.
Antene ya rhombic ntabwo igenwa n'urwego rumwe rudahinduka rw'umuvuduko. Ingano zayo zishobora gupimwa mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo ku mivuduko itandukanye, ariko imiterere iba nini cyane ku mivuduko yo hasi kandi igasaba ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu mu buryo buhanitse ku mivuduko yo hejuru.
Imiterere mito ya rhombic na rhombic-loop ishobora no gukoreshwa kuri VHF, UHF cyangwa microwave. Ariko, iyi miterere ya scaled ishobora kugira imiterere itandukanye yo kurya, gutandukanya imiterere n'imirasire ugereranije na antene isanzwe ya HF rhombic terminated.
Ishusho ya 2. Urugero rw'imiterere y'antene ntoya ya rhombic kugira ngo igaragare neza.
Antena za Rhombic zarangiye kandi zitarangiye
Antene ya rhombic irangira ubusanzwe ikora imirasire igana mu cyerekezo kimwe. Imirasire myinshi y'ingirakamaro yerekeza kuva aho ifungurira kugeza ku mpera irangira.
Iyo resistor irangira ikuweho, umuriro ugaragara uhereye ku mpera ifunguye. Antene ikora igice gikomeye cy’umuraba uhagaze kandi ishobora gukora imiterere y’icyerekezo cy’ibiri, hamwe n’imirasire ikomeye mu byerekezo bibiri bihabanye.
Imiterere idafunze ishobora kwirinda gutakaza ingufu muri resistor irangiza, ariko imiterere yayo ya impedance n'imirasire muri rusange biratandukanye cyane bitewe n'inshuro. Ishobora kandi kugaragaza igipimo kibi cyo hagati y'imbere n'inyuma ndetse n'imyitwarire idasobanutse neza ya interineti.
Ishusho y'imirasire n'iy'ihindagurika
Imiterere y'imirasire ya antene ya rhombic irangira irangwa n'agace k'imbere k'umugozi n'utundi duce twinshi two ku ruhande. Icyerekezo nyacyo cy'umugozi n'ubugari bw'umugozi biterwa n'uburebure bw'uruhande, inguni ya rhombus, uburebure bw'aho ushyira, inshuro z'imikorere n'imiterere y'ubutaka.
Kongera uburebure bw'amashanyarazi bishobora kunoza icyerekezo, ariko bishobora no kubyara izindi ngingo zo ku ruhande. Izi ngingo zidakenewe zishobora gutanga ingufu zerekeza mu cyerekezo kitateganijwe kandi zikagabanya inyungu zifatika z'umurabyo w'ingenzi.
Antene ya rhombic ishyizwe mu buryo butambitse iba ifite polari igororotse mu cyerekezo cy'imirasire nyamukuru. Ariko, imiterere yuzuye y'ibice bitatu ishobora kandi kuba irimo ibice bya polari ihagaze, cyane cyane mu bice byo ku ruhande no mu cyerekezo kiri kure y'umurongo mukuru.
Ishusho ya 3. Imiterere y'imirasire y'icyerekezo kimwe y'antene ya rhombic yarangiye.
Guhuza uburyo bwo kugaburira no kwirinda indwara
Antene ya rhombic ubusanzwe iba ifite imiterere iringaniye ifite impedance nyinshi yinjiye. Akenshi ikoreshwa hakoreshejwe umurongo uhuza amashanyarazi cyangwa binyuze muri transformer ya impedance na balun ikwiye.
Iyo hakoreshejwe insinga ya coaxial, ihinduka hagati y’umurongo w’amashanyarazi udahuje n’uburyo bwo gutanga urumuri na antene ingana rigomba gutegurwa neza. Kudahuza neza bishobora kongera imbaraga zigaragara, bigashyiramo umuriro usanzwe kandi bigahindura imiterere y’imirasire iteganyijwe.
Abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi bagomba gusuzuma:
- Impedansi yo kwinjira
- Igihombo cyo kugaruza amafaranga na VSWR
- Guhagarika ubwirinzi
- Inyungu igana imbere
- Igipimo cy'imbere n'inyuma
- Icyerekezo cy'umuraba
- Urwego rw'agace k'imbere
- Polarization
- Ubushobozi bwo gucunga ingufu
Ku bijyanye na sisitemu zo kohereza ubutumwa zifite imbaraga nyinshi, resistor irangiza igomba kuba ishobora gusohora ingufu nyinshi za RF mu buryo butekanye.
Ibyiza
Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya antene ya rhombic birimo:
- Umuyoboro munini w'imikorere
- Inyungu y'ingirakamaro mu cyerekezo
- Impedance ihamye iyo irangiye neza
- Imiterere yoroshye ishingiye ku nsinga
- Bikwiriye imiyoboro ya HF ikora kure
- Ishobora gukoresha ingufu nyinshi zo kohereza ubutumwa hamwe n'ibice bikwiye
- Antene nyinshi zimeze nk'iz'urukiramende zishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo zikwirakwizwe mu buryo bwagutse cyangwa zihinduke hagati y'icyerekezo
Imbibi
Imbogamizi zayo z'ingenzi zirimo:
- Bisaba ahantu hanini ho gushyiramo
- Ikeneye inyubako nyinshi ndende zo gushyigikira
- Igice cy'ingufu za RF cyatakaye muri resistor irangira
- Ishobora gukora utubuto twinshi two ku ruhande
- Imikorere iterwa n'uburebure n'imiterere y'ubutaka
- Gusana imashini bishobora kugorana
- Ntibikwiriye urubuga rwinshi rugufi cyangwa rugendanwa
Porogaramu zisanzwe
Antene za Rhombic zakoreshejwe mu bihe byashize kuri:
- Itumanaho rya HF rikora kure
- Amasano ya radiyo ahoraho hagati y'aho umuntu aherereye n'aho aherereye
- Sitasiyo zo kwakira amakuru za Shortwave
- Itumanaho rya Ionosphere n'iry'ikirere
- Imiyoboro mpuzamahanga y'itumanaho
- Gukurikirana radiyo n'ubuhanga mu by'amajwi
- Ubushakashatsi ku nsinga ndende n'amajwi y'ingendo
Nubwo sisitemu z'itumanaho zigezweho zikunze gukoresha antene za log-periodic, arrays za interineti, antene za reflector na sisitemu za antene zigenzurwa n'ikoranabuhanga, antene ya rhombic iracyari urugero rw'ingenzi muri theory ya antene.
Igaragaza neza uburyo uburebure bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ugenda, inguni ya geometrike na superposition y'umurima bishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura ubuyobozi bwa antene n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
RF MISO itanga ibisubizo bya antene na mikoroonde mu gupima RF, itumanaho, radar, gupima antene no guhuza sisitemu. Gusobanukirwa imiterere ya antene isanzwe nka antene ya rhombic bifasha injeniyeri gusuzuma ibipimo by'ingenzi birimo frequency range, gain, polarization, beamwidth, VSWR, side-lobe level hamwe n'imikorere myiza y'imirasire.
Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kuri antene, sura:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-24-2026
