Antene y'ihoni ni antene yo mu mwanya ikoresha umurongo w'ingufu ugurumana kugira ngo yohereze ingufu za elegitoronike mu mwanya wigenga cyangwa ikusanye ingufu zinjira mu cyerekezo runaka. Imiterere yayo yoroshye, imiterere y'imirasire itegerejwe, icyerekezo kiri hejuru, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gukora ku buryo bw'ingirakamaro bwa mikoroonde na millimetero-wave bituma iba amahitamo asanzwe yo gupima antene, radar, itumanaho rya satelite, isuzuma rya EMC, reflector feeds, na sisitemu z'ubushakashatsi.
Iyi mfashanyigisho isobanura uburyo antene z'amahoni zikora, ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa antene z'amahoni, ibipimo by'imikorere bifite akamaro, ibyiza byazo n'imbogamizi zabyo, n'uburyo bwo guhitamo igishushanyo gikwiye kuri porogaramu runaka ya RF.
Antena y'ihembe ni iki?
Antene y'ihoni ikorwa no kwagura buhoro buhoro impera y'umuyoboro w'amazi. Umuyoboro w'amazi ufite uburyo bwa elegitoroniki buyobowe, mu gihe igice cyaka gitanga ihinduka kuva ku gice gito cy'umuyoboro w'amazi kijya ku mwanya munini utanga urumuri. Ku mwobo, umuyoboro w'amazi uhuzwa mu mwanya wigenga maze ugakora urumuri rw'icyerekezo.
Umuriro ushobora kuba ufite impande enye, piramidi, imiterere y’urukiramende, imiterere y’urukiramende, imiterere y’urukiramende, cyangwa se uhujwe n’urusobe rw’indorerwamo cyangwa imiterere y’urukiramende. Buri geometrike ihindura uburyo antene ikora, inyungu, ubugari bw’urukiramende, imiterere y’imiterere y’urukiramende, ikwirakwizwa ry’urukiramende, urwego rw’urukiramende, n’ingano ya mekanike.
Antene y'ihoni ntikora cyane. Ntikora imbaraga za RF cyangwa ngo yongere ikimenyetso. Inyungu igaragara ituruka ku gushyira ingufu zituruka ku mirasire mu gace gato k'impande ugereranije na radiator ya isotropic. Iyi myitwarire y'icyerekezo kimwe inatuma uburyo bwo kwakira buva mu cyerekezo runaka.
Antena y'ihembe ikora ite?
Imikorere ya antene y'ihoni ishobora kumvikana mu byiciro bine:
- Ingufu zinjira mu buryo bwo kongerera ingufu.Inzira y'urukiramende cyangwa uruziga, ihinduka rya coaxial-to-waveguide, cyangwa indi interface ya RF ishishikariza uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza bukenewe.
- Umuyoboro w'amazi ugenda waguka buhoro buhoro.Igice cyaka umuriro cyongera agace k'igice kandi kikagabanya ihindagurika ritunguranye ryabaho ku murongo w'amazi ufunguye.
- Umurima ukwirakwira mu mwobo wose.Imiterere y'ihembe igenzura ubwinshi n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ibyiciro ku mwobo. Ingano y'uwo mwobo n'uburyo imiterere y'umurima bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kwiyongera, ubugari bw'umurambararo, imiterere y'impande, no kwambukana kw'impande.
- Umwobo unyura mu mwanya wigenga.Imirima iri ku mwobo ihurira hamwe igatanga imiterere y’ubutaka bwa kure. Umwobo munini w’amashanyarazi muri rusange utanga icyerekezo kinini n’umuraba muto, mu gihe amakosa y’icyiciro n’ibihombo bikomeje kugenzurwa.
Umuriro ntukuraho burundu kutumvikana neza kw'ingufu zo kugarura urumuri cyangwa impedance. Ahubwo, umuriro wakozwe neza utanga ihinduka ryihuse, bigafasha kugera ku bushobozi bwiza bwa VSWR n'imirasire mu gice cyagenewe. Imikorere ya nyuma iterwa n'uburyo bwo gutanga umusatsi, inguni y'umuriro, uburebure bw'ihembe, ingano y'aho ubohokera, uburyo bwo gukora, n'imirongo iyo ari yo yose, corrugations, lens, cyangwa imiterere ya polarizing yakoreshejwe mu gishushanyo.
Ibipimo by'imikorere ya antena y'ihembe ry'ingenzi
Ingano y'Inshuro Ikoreshwa
Intera y'ingufu zikoreshwa igomba kuba ijyanye n'umurongo w'ingufu cyangwa umuhuza ndetse n'imiterere y'ingufu. Imikorere igomba kugenzurwa ku murongo wose ukenewe, atari ku murongo wo hagati gusa. Ku ingufu ikoreshwa n'umuraba, umurongo n'umuraba byatoranijwe ni ingenzi cyane.
Ingano y'Ubwinshi n'Ingufu
Gain isobanura uburyo antene ishyira ingufu mu cyerekezo runaka, harimo n'ingaruka z'imikorere myiza ya antene. Gain nyinshi akenshi isaba umwanya munini w'amashanyarazi. Ku murongo muto, kugera ku gahunda kamwe akenshi bisaba ihoni rinini.
Ishusho y'ubugari bw'imirasire n'imirasire
Ubugari bw'umurambararo w'ingufu ebyiri bugaragaza ubugari bw'umurambararo w'ingenzi. Ihembe rinini rigira umurambararo muto muri rusange. Abahanga mu by'imashini bagomba kandi gusuzuma urwego rw'umurambararo, imyitwarire y'imbere n'inyuma, hamwe n'imiterere ya E-plane na H-plane kuko amahembe abiri afite umurambararo usa ashobora kugira imiterere itandukanye y'umurambararo n'imiterere y'umurambararo w'impande.
VSWR n'igihombo cyo kugaruka
VSWR n'igihombo cyo kugaruka bigaragaza uburyo antene yinjiza ihuye neza na sisitemu ya RF. Guhuza nabi byongera imbaraga zigaragara kandi bishobora kugabanya imbaraga zitangwa kuri antene. Umupaka wemewe uterwa n'umuyoboro, uwakira, igihombo cy'insinga, ibisabwa mu gupima, n'umupaka wa sisitemu.
Polarization na Cross-Polarization
Antene z'ihembe zishobora gushyigikira polarization igororotse, iy'umurongo ubiri, izengurutse, cyangwa iy'uruziga rubiri iyo zakozwe hamwe n'imiterere ikwiye y'ibiryo n'iy'izunguruka. Polarization ikenewe igomba guhuza na sisitemu. Polarization ishingiye ku mpande, ikigereranyo cy'umurongo ugororotse ku ruhurura ruzunguruka, hamwe n'itandukaniro ry'aho imiterere y'urukiramende iherereye bigomba gusuzumwa iyo ubuziranenge bwa polarization ari ingenzi.
Gukoresha ingufu n'uburyo bwo guhuza RF
Amahembe akoreshwa mu gukurura umuyoboro wa Waveguide akunze gutoranywa mu gukoresha sisitemu za mikoroonde zikoresha ingufu nyinshi, ariko ubushobozi bw'ingufu nyazo buterwa n'uburyo bwose buteranywa, harimo n'uburyo umuyoboro wa waveguide utera, impinduka, imiyoboro, imbaraga zishyirwa mu gitutu, ibikoresho, n'aho imikorere ibera. Umuyoboro wa Flange cyangwa coaxial ugomba guhuza n'indi miyoboro ya RF mu buryo bwa mekanike no mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi.
Ubwoko busanzwe bwa Antena z'Amahembe
Antena y'ihembe rya piramide
Ihembe rya piramide rigurumana haba mu ndege ya E na H y'umurongo w'urukiramende. Ni imwe mu miterere y'ihembe ikoreshwa cyane kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu gupima antene, gukoresha ingero zisanzwe, sisitemu za radar, no mu gutanga reflector.
Antena y'ihembe ry'urwego
Ihembe ry’urwego rigurumana mu gice kimwe gusa. Ihembe ry’urwego rigurumana mu gice cya E rigurumana mu gice cya E, mu gihe ihembe ry’urwego rigurumana mu gice cya H rigurumana mu gice cya H. Iyi miterere ni ingirakamaro iyo hakenewe ubugari butandukanye bw’imirasire mu bice bibiri by’ingenzi cyangwa iyo imiterere y’ikoranabuhanga ikunda urumuri rw’urwego rumwe.
Antena y'ihembe ry'urukiramende
Ihembe ry’urukiramende rikunze gutungwa n’umurongo w’uruziga kandi rifite umwobo uzunguruka. Rishobora gushyigikira ibisabwa ku muraba uzunguruka kandi rishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo ribeho ubwiyongere bw’umurongo cyangwa uruziga, bitewe n’uburyo bwo kurisha n’uburyo bwo gushyushya.
Antena y'ihembe rya korrugated
Ingufu zikoreshwa mu kugenzura imigezi yo hejuru n'aho amazi aturuka. Ihembe ry'ingufu rikozwe neza rishobora gutanga uburebure bungana, imiterere y'impande nto, no gutandukanya imiterere y'ikirere mu buryo budasobanutse, bigatuma rikurura uburyo bwo gukoresha neza ikoranabuhanga, itumanaho rya satelite, inyenyeri ya radiyo, n'uburyo bwo gupima.
Antena y'ihembe ry'imirongo ibiri n'iry'umuyoboro wa interineti
Amabuye y’urukiramende ahindura uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza umuyoboro w’amajwi (waveguide field distribution) kandi akagabanya frequency nziza yo gukata, bigatuma bandwidth ikora neza kurusha andi mabuye menshi asanzwe akoreshwa mu buryo bumwe. Amabuye y’urukiramende afite imigozi ibiri akoreshwa cyane mu gupima EMC, kugenzura, gupima umuyoboro munini, no muri sisitemu za laboratwari. Inyungu, imiterere, na VSWR bigomba gusuzumwa mu gice cyose cy’urukiramende kuko imikorere ya interineti ntabwo ihuye na gato.
Antena y'ihembe ifite polari ebyiri n'uruziga
Amahembe afite imiterere ibiri akoresha imiyoboro itandukanye cyangwa imiterere ya orthomode kugira ngo ashyigikire imiterere ibiri ya orthogonal. Amahembe afite imiterere ya polarizing akoresha polarizer cyangwa imiterere ikwiye kugira ngo akore imiterere ya polarizing y'iburyo cyangwa ibumoso. Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi birimo iy'imiyoboro ya port isolation, cross-polarisation, na axial ratio.
Antena y'ihembe ry'ijisho
Ihembe rya lens rishyira lens ya elegitoroniki imbere y'umwobo w'ihembe kugira ngo rishyire ishusho y'imbere y'icyiciro. Bitewe n'imiterere, lens ishobora kongera icyerekezo, ikagabanya uburebure bukenewe ku mwobo w'icyerekezo, cyangwa igashyiraho urwego rw'ibanze rwo gupima ibikoresho no gukoresha hafi y'umurima.
Ibyiza n'imbogamizi bya Antena z'Amahembe
Ibyiza
- Imirasire y'icyerekezo ifite imiterere y'indege ya E-plane na H-plane iteganyijwe
- Inyungu ifatika ukoresheje microwave na milimetero-wave frequency ranges
- Imirasire ikora neza iyo hari ibihombo bya kondakteri n'ibigenda mu nzira bigenzurwa.
- Ikoreshwa ry'umurongo uciriritse kugeza ku mugari, bitewe n'imiterere y'ihembe n'uburyo bwo kugaburira
- Ubushobozi bwinshi bw'ingufu mu miterere ikwiye ikoreshwa n'abayobora umuyoboro w'amazi
- Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora no kongera gukora ibintu
- Kuboneka mu miterere ya 'linear', 'dual-polarized', 'and circularly polarized'
Imbibi
- Ingano y'umubiri iriyongera uko inshuro zigabanuka cyangwa uko umuntu yiyongera bikenewe
- Ubwinshi bwinshi cyane bushobora gusaba umwanya munini cyangwa kongeramo lens cyangwa reflector
- Ikosa ryo mu cyiciro cyo gufunga rishobora kugabanya kwiyongera no kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'agace k'inyuma
- Moderi za interineti (Broadband models) zishobora kugaragaza impinduka zikomeye mu kwiyongera no kwaguka kw'umurambararo mu gice cyose cy'umurongo
- Polarization nziza hamwe n'ibisabwa ku ruhande rugufi bishobora kongera imiterere n'imikorere y'inganda
Porogaramu za Antena z'Amahembe
Gupima no Gupima Antene
Amahembe asanzwe akoreshwa mu gupima imiterere y’urumuri akunze gukoreshwa nk’antene zikoreshwa mu gupima imiterere y’urumuri, imirasire, uburinganire bw’urumuri, n’uburyo antene zikoreshwa mu gupima imiterere yazo. Imiterere yazo ihamye n’imyitwarire yazo isobanutse neza ni ingirakamaro mu kazi gasubirwamo ka laboratwari no mu gupima imiterere y’urumuri.
Isuzuma rya EMC na EMI
Amahembe y’urukiramende akoreshwa mu gupima imyuka ihumanya ikirere no gupima ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri hakoreshejwe imirasire mu buryo bwa microwave. Injeniyeri zipima zihitamo antene hakurikijwe umugozi ukenewe, imbaraga z’ubutaka, urwego rw’ingufu, impinduka mu kwiyongera kw’ingufu, n’amakuru ajyanye no gupima.
Radar n'uburyo bwo kubona amakuru ari kure
Antene zo mu ihembe zishobora gukora nk'antene zigenga cyangwa nk'ibikoresho bitanga urumuri muri radar, amashusho, uburyo bwo kubona amashusho ya kure, n'uburyo bwo kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'ibikoresho. Imiterere y'umuraba, ubuziranenge bwa polarization, no kugenzura sidelobe bishobora kuba ingenzi muri izi porogaramu.
Itumanaho rya Satelite n'Itumanaho ry'Ibintu Bitandukanye
Antene z'ihembe zikoreshwa nk'ibiryo n'antene z'icyerekezo muri mikoroonde na millimetero-wave. Bitewe n'uburyo, injeniyeri zishobora gushyira imbere inyungu, uburinganire bw'imirasire, uburinganire bw'uruziga, uburinganire buke, cyangwa kurengera ibidukikije.
Agakoresho ko kugarura urumuri n'amabara y'indorerwamo
Ihoni rishobora kumurika reflector parabolic cyangwa lens dielectric. Guhitamo imiterere y'ibiryo bigira ingaruka ku rumuri rw'ahagaragara, kumanuka kw'amazi, imikorere myiza, imiterere y'uruhande, n'imiterere rusange y'imirasire ya sisitemu ya antene ihujwe.
Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Antena y'Ihembe
Tangira ukoresheje ibisabwa byose bya sisitemu aho guhitamo ukurikije inyungu gusa:
- Sobanura umugozi ukoreshwa.Emeza inshuro nke n'inyongera ntarengwa kandi niba ari ngombwa gukora inshuro zihoraho cyangwa zigaragara.
- Shyiraho intego y'inyungu n'ubwishingizi.Gereranya ubwinshi bw'ingufu hamwe na E-plane na H-plane beamwidth mu gice cyose cy'umurongo.
- Hitamo polarisation.Hitamo umurongo ugororotse, umurongo ugororotse, umurongo ugororotse, cyangwa umurongo ukikije impande ebyiri nkuko bikenewe.
- Genzura ubwiza bw'icyitegererezo.Suzuma imiterere y'impande, imiterere y'impande, imiterere y'umurongo, imikorere y'imbere n'inyuma, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gutandukanya umuyoboro aho bikenewe.
- Emeza ko bihuye kandi ko bihurirana.Emeza ko VSWR cyangwa itakaye, ingano y'umurongo w'amashanyarazi, flange isanzwe, ubwoko bw'umuhuza, n'uburyo bwo gushyiraho icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa mekanike.
- Tekereza ku ngufu n'ibidukikije.Ibarurishamibare ry'ingufu za transmitter, imikorere y'akazi, ubushyuhe, uburinzi bw'ikirere, ibikenewe muri radome, n'imiterere y'aho ishyirwa.
- Koresha amakuru yapimwe aho bikenewe.Ku bijyanye no gupima, gupima kubahiriza amategeko, na sisitemu yo gukora neza, koresha urupapuro rw'amakuru yihariye y'icyitegererezo n'amakuru yapimwe aho kwishingikiriza ku bisobanuro by'umuryango.
Kugira ngo ugereranye ibintu byo guhitamo neza, rebaUbuyobozi bwo guhitamo antene ya RF MISO hornUshobora kandi kureba byoseInterineti ya antene ya RF MISO ikora ku ihoni.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ese antene y'ihoni yongera ikimenyetso?
Oya. Antene y'ihoni ni igikoresho kidakora. Inyungu yacyo ituruka ku ngufu ziyobora cyangwa zakiriwe, ntabwo ituruka ku kongera ingufu mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga.
Ese antene zose zikoresha uburyo bwa internet?
Oya. Antene nyinshi z'amahoni zitanga uburyo bwo gukoresha umuyoboro w'amajwi, ariko urwego nyarwo ruterwa n'uburyo bwo gukoresha umuyoboro w'amajwi, uburyo bwo gukoresha umuyoboro w'amajwi, imiterere y'amajwi, imiterere ihuye, n'umuyoboro wa polarization. Amahoni afite imigozi ibiri yagenewe by'umwihariko imiyoboro migari.
Ni iki kigena inyungu y'antene y'ihoni?
Inyungu iterwa n'ingano y'ubuso bw'amashanyarazi, imikorere myiza y'ubuso bw'amashanyarazi, ikwirakwizwa ry'ibyiciro n'ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi, igihombo cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, n'inshuro ukoreshwa. Ubuso bw'amashanyarazi bunini muri rusange bushyigikira icyerekezo cyo hejuru, ariko kugenzura neza ikirere birakenewe kugira ngo ingano y'ubuso bw'amashanyarazi ihindurwemo inyungu y'ingirakamaro.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ihembe risanzwe rikoresha interineti n'ihembe rikoresha interineti?
Ihembe risanzwe rigira uruhare mu gutanga inyungu ishoboka kandi igaragara neza ugereranyije n'umurongo waryo wagenwe, kandi rikunze gukoreshwa nk'icyitegererezo cyo gupima. Ihembe rikoresha umuyoboro munini rishyira imbere imikorere yaryo ugereranyije n'urutonde rwagutse rw'amajwi, hamwe n'ubugari bw'amajwi bushobora gutandukana cyane muri urwo rwego.
Gukorana na RF MISO
RF MISO itanga antene zisanzwe kandi zihariye zo gukoresha muri mikoroonde na millimetero-wave, harimo imiterere ya piramidi, imiterere y’urukiramende, umurongo mugari, imiterere y’urukiramende, imiterere y’urukiramende, imiterere y’urukiramende n’imiterere y’urukiramende. Guhitamo bigomba guhora bishingiye ku rugero rw’inshuro runaka, inyungu, imiterere, imiterere, imiterere ya VSWR, imiterere, n’ibisabwa mu bidukikije.
Suzuma ibyacuibikoresho bya antene z'ihoni or hamagara RF MISOkugira ngo tuganire ku busabe bwawe n'ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki.
Inyandiko zishingiye ku byo wasomye n'ibindi byaguzwe
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-28-2024
