Guhuza impedance ya waveguideni inzira yo kugabanya ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi hagati y'umurongo w'amashanyarazi n'igice gihujwe nawo. Iyo impedance zidahuye, igice cy'ikimenyetso cya microweve kigaragara ku isoko. Ibi bivamo VSWR nyinshi, ingufu nke zitangwa ku mutwaro ndetse n'imikorere ya sisitemu idashoboka.
Bitandukanye n'umurongo wa coaxial, umurongo w'ingufu udakoresha resistor zisanzwe zifite imigozi cyangwa stubs zo gukwirakwiza mu buryo bwo guhuza. Ahubwo, abashushanya bashushanya umurima wa electromagnetic bakoresheje irises, inkingi, vis, tapers, transitions, loads zihuye na interfaces za flange zakozwe neza. Uburyo bwiza cyane buterwa n'umuvuduko w'imikorere, bandwidth, urwego rw'ingufu, ingano ya waveguide ndetse niba ihinduka rigomba gukosorwa cyangwa rishobora guhindurwa.
Impamvu guhuza impedance na waveguide ari ingenzi
Impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu buryo butunguranye mu miterere y'umuraba ishobora kubangamira ikwirakwizwa ry'umurima no kurema umuraba ugaragara. Iteraniro rihuye neza rifasha:
- kugabanya imbaraga zigaragara na VSWR;
- kunoza ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi hagati y'isoko, inzira yo kohereza n'umutwaro;
- kurinda amasoko ya mikoroonde afite ingufu nyinshi ku ngufu zirenze urugero;
- ibipimo byo guhagarara byakozwe hifashishijwe antene, adaptateri, imizigo n'ibindi bice by'ubuyobozi bw'amajwi;
- gukomeza gukora neza mu buryo busubirwamo mu murongo usabwa w'amajwi.
Inkomoko zisanzwe zihura n’impinduka mu bunini bw’umuyoboro w’amazi, aho ugonga, intambwe, aho upima, aho unyura hadatunganyije neza, aho ibyuma bihagarara, aho imiterere y’umuyoboro w’amazi ihurira n’aho umutwaro uhagarara utandukanye n’aho umuyoboro w’amazi uhagarara.
ishusho ya 1: Indorerwamo z'umuraba n'urusobe rw'amazi rungana, (a) Ifite ubushobozi bwo gupima; (b) Ifite ubushobozi bwo gupima; (c) Ifite ubushobozi bwo gupima.
1. Indirimbo za Waveguide: Guhuza neza, gukurura abantu no guhuza neza
Iris ifite umurongo w’izuba ni diaphragm ntoya ifata urumuri ishyirwa ku gice cy’umurongo w’izuba. Mu guhindura ingufu z’amashanyarazi cyangwa rukuruzi zo mu gace k’izuba, iris ishyiramo uburyo bwo kugenzura shunt bushobora kwishyura uburyo bwo guhangana cyangwa umutwaro.
Iris ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora
Iri y'amashanyarazi yibanda ku butaka bw'amashanyarazi mu gace gato. Ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi zitanga ingaruka nziza ku butaka buhuye. Ishobora gukoreshwa iyo habayeho kutumvikana gusaba ko habaho uburyo bwo gusubiza inyuma ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi.
Iris ikora neza
Irisi ihindura inzira y'ubuso bw'izuba kandi yongera ingufu za rukuruzi zikikije umwobo. Uburyo bwo kuyihindura bushobora kurwanya ikibazo cyo kudahuza neza kw'ubushobozi. Ingano y'aho iherereye n'aho iherereye ku murongo w'igenzura ni byo bigena imbaraga z'uburyo bwo kuyikosora.
Iris ifite isura nziza
Iris irabagirana ihuza ingaruka zifatika n'izishingiye ku gukurura. Ku muvuduko w'igishushanyo, ingaruka zombi zishobora kuringanizwa ku buryo uburyo buyobora butambuka nta shusho igaragara cyane. Kurenza aho igaragara, imiterere imwe ishobora no gutanga frequency cyangwa guhitamo uburyo.
Indirimbo ziba nto kandi zihamye mu buryo bwa mekanike, ariko akenshi ziba zidahinduka nyuma yo gukorwa. Ingano zazo rero zigomba kuba zigenewe umugozi w’ingufu, uburyo bwo gukora n’umurambararo w’ingufu aho guhindurwa nyuma yo guteranywa.
ishusho ya 2: (a) imyanya y'ubuyobozi bw'amajwi; (b) igereranya ry'imigozi ibiri
2. Gutunganya inkingi n'ibikurura
Ipine y'amashanyarazi cyangwa vis yo gukurura ishyirwa mu rukuta rw'umuraba ishyiramo uburyo bwo gukora ibintu. Ubugari bwayo, uburebure bwayo n'aho iherereye ugereranyije n'aho idakomeza, ni byo bigaragaza niba ingaruka ari nyinshi cyane cyangwa ishingiye ku kintu kimwe, ndetse n'uburyo ihindura cyane imiterere y'ikintu.
Kwinjira mu buryo buciriritse muri rusange bitanga ubugororangingo buke. Uko inkingi ikomeza kugera mu buyobozi, imiterere y’icyuma irahinduka kandi ishobora kunyura mu buryo bw’amajwi. Ibi bituma vis zo gukosora zikoreshwa mu guhindura laboratwari, kugabanya umusaruro no kwishyura ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu budashobora gusobanurwa neza mu gihe cyo gushushanya.
Ibyiza byo guhuza ibintu bishobora guhinduka
- umukino ushobora gutegurwa mu gihe ukurikirana igihombo cyavuye mu mukino cyangwa VSWR;
- vis ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi zitanga uburyo bwo kugenzura ingano n'icyiciro;
- gukosora bishobora kwishyura adaptateri, probe, kugonga cyangwa gutwika;
- imiterere ya nyuma ishobora gufungwa nyuma yo kugenzura.
Uburyo bw'ingirakamaro bwo gukoresha umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bugenwa n'imiterere yuzuye, ntabwo ari vis gusa. Kwinjira cyane bishobora gutuma habaho ijwi rituje, kongera igihombo, kubangamira uburyo bwo hejuru cyangwa kugabanya imikorere y'ingufu. Bityo rero, gutunganya bigomba gukorwa ku murongo wose w'imikorere aho gukorwa kuri frequence imwe gusa.
Inkingi n'ibisumizi bikunze gushyirwa muriadaptateri ziyobora umuyoboro wa waveguide ujya kuri coaxialn'ibindi bice by'ubuyobozi bw'umuraba aho umurima ugomba guhinduka hagati y'imiterere itandukanye yo kohereza.
3. Imitwaro n'ibigabanya uburemere bihuye
Umutwaro w’umuraba uhuye uhagarika inzira yo kohereza amakuru hanyuma ugahindura ingufu za mikoroonde zitunguranye mo ubushyuhe budafite reflection nyinshi. Ikoreshwa mu gupima ingufu, gushyiraho ibizamini, imiyoboro idakoreshwa ndetse n’ikoreshwa ryose risaba reflection iri hasi.
Attenuator ifite intego itandukanye: igabanya ubwinshi bw'ikimenyetso ku gipimo gigenzurwa mu gihe ikomeza guhuza neza kuri za port zombi. Ibikoresho byombi bishingira ku gukorana buhoro buhoro n'ibikoresho bitakaza kugira ngo umurima winjiremo nta ntambwe yo kubangamira mu buryo butunguranye.
Reba RF MISOimizigo y'ubuyobozi bw'amazaku mahitamo y'ibice bitandukanye by'umurongo w'ingufu n'ibisabwa ku ngufu.
ishusho ya 3 y'umuraba urwanya umutwaro (a) umugozi umwe (b) umugozi ugabanya kabiri
Imitwaro ya Tapered Waveguide
Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane bwo gutandukanya ibintu bukoresha dielectric cyangwa resistance element igenda igabanuka igana ku muraba winjira. Impinduka zigenda zigabanuka zituma umurima winjira mu cyuma gifata umwuka udafite reflection nyinshi kurusha ikintu gitunguranye.
Akamashini gafata umwuka gashobora kuzenguruka ikigo cyangwa kagafata agace k’ubutaka kari hafi y’aho hagati. Uburebure bwako bworoshye, ikwirakwizwa ryako ry’ibihombo n’imiterere y’ubushyuhe bitoranywa hakurikijwe umurongo w’ingufu n’urwego rw’ingufu. Imitwaro y’ingufu nyinshi ishobora gusaba igice kinini cy’umubiri, ubushyuhe cyangwa gukonjesha umwuka kugira ngo ikuremo ingufu zinjira mu buryo butekanye.
ishusho ya 4. Igikoresho cyo gupima imashini kigendanwa
Ibikoresho Bigabanya Imitsi Bishobora Kwimurwa
Vane ya dielectric yimuka ihindura uburyo bwo kugabanya imbaraga binyuze mu kugenda mu turere dufite imbaraga zitandukanye z'amashanyarazi. Hagati mu gice cy'ubutaka bunini, vane ifata ingufu nyinshi; hafi y'urukuta rwo ku ruhande, aho kugabanya imbaraga haracyari hasi. Uburyo butanga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibimenyetso bushobora guhinduka hatabayeho guhindura inzira y'umuraba.
Gutsindwa kwa Waveguide ugereranije n'uko impedance idahuye
Kugabanuka no kudahuza birafitanye isano ariko ntabwo ari bimwe. Kudahuza bisubiza igice cy'ingufu z'impanuka ku isoko, mu gihe igihombo cya conductor na dielectric bihindura igice cy'ingufu z'imbere mo ubushyuhe.
Inkomoko nyamukuru y’ibyangiritse ni:
- ibipimo by’inyuma by’intambwe, imigozi, imashini zipima, icyuho cy’urukiramende cyangwa ibice bitari mu murongo;
- igihombo cy'umuyoboro giterwa n'umuyoboro w'amazi uri ku nkuta z'umuyoboro w'amazi;
- igihombo cya dielectric gituruka ku madirishya, ku nkunga, ku byuma bifata umwuka cyangwa ku bice byuzuye;
- Ubushyuhe bw'ubuso, umwanda, ingese n'amashanyarazi adakora neza.
Umuyoboro w'amazi na wo ukora nk'imiterere ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi. Ingano iri munsi y'umurongo ugabanya umurongo w'amazi watoranijwe ntikwirakwira neza kandi igabanuka cyane. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umurongo w'imikorere, ingano y'umuyoboro w'amazi n'uburyo buteganyijwe bigomba kwemezwa mbere yo kunoza guhuza.
4. Impinduka, Adaptateri n'Ubufatanye bwa Flange
Impinduka cyangwa adaptateri bihindura buhoro buhoro urwego hagati y’ingano zitandukanye z’umurongo w’ingufu, icyerekezo cyangwa uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru. Muri rusange, intera ntoya zitanga uburyo bwagutse bwo guhuza kurusha intambwe imwe irambuye, mu gihe impinduka nto ishobora gukundwa iyo umwanya ari muto.
Adaptateri za Waveguide-to-coaxialguhuza ihinduka rya mekanike n'icyuma gipima cyangwa ikibuno gikurura uburyo bwo kuyobora umuraba bukenewe. Aho probe iherereye, intera y'inyuma n'ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyo gukosora bigomba gukorana mu mugozi wagenwe.
Impamvu guhuza flange ari ingenzi
Ibice by’inzira y’umuraba akenshi bihuzwa n’udupira. Akazi kabyo ni ugukomeza guhuza imikorere y’amashanyarazi, gutanga amashanyarazi yizewe no kugabanya gusohoka no kugaragara imbere. Icyuho, gufunga ahantu hatandukanye, ubuso bwangiritse cyangwa umuvuduko w’umurambararo utaringaniye bishobora gutuma habaho ihungabana rikomeye, cyane cyane iyo uburebure bw’umurambararo bugufi.
ishusho ya 5 (a) icyuma gisanzwe; (b) icyuma gihuza icyuma.
Flanges zisanzwe n'izifite imiterere myiza
Udupira tw’urukiramende dusanzwe dukora neza iyo impande zombi zihuye neza, zisukuye kandi zigororotse. Ku mibare yo hejuru, amakosa mato agaragaza igice kinini cy’uburebure bw’umurambararo, bityo imiterere y’ubuso, imiterere y’ubuyobozi n’imbaraga z’umurambararo biba ingenzi cyane.
Igenzura ry'imikorere mu guteranya
- kwemeza ko ibice byombi bikoresha ingano imwe y'umuyoboro w'amazi n'uburyo bwo guhuza flange;
- gusukura amaso y’aho ahurira hanyuma urebe niba hari uduheri, uduheri cyangwa ingese;
- shyira ku murongo imyobo mbere yo gufunga ibifunga;
- komeza amaboliti neza kugira ngo amaso y'amabara akomeze kuba arebanye;
- kugenzura inzira yateranijwe ukoresheje isesengura ry’urusobe rw’amakuru rya vekteri rigenzuwe.
ishusho ya 6 (a) Igice cy'aho ihurizo rya choke rihurira; (b) ishusho y'iherezo ry'urukiramende rwa choke
Igikoresho cyo guhuza icyuma gifunganye
Umugozi wo gufunga ukoresha impeta cyangwa umwobo ukikije umwobo kugira ngo ugenzure umuriro uri ku ngingo. Iyo upimwe neza ku mugozi ukoreshwa, ushobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kumva icyuho gito cya mekanike no kunoza uburyo amashanyarazi ahuzwa. Kubera ko gufunga biterwa n'inshuro, imiterere yako igomba kuba ihuye n'umugozi ugenewe.
Uburyo bwo kwemeza niba Waveguide ihuye
- Gupima uburyo bwo gusesengura imiyoboro ya vektori ku murongo ukwiye.
- Pima S11 cyangwa igihombo cyo kugaruka mu gice cyose cy'imikorere, ntabwo ari ku murongo umwe.
- Hindura igisubizo muri VSWR niba ari byo bisobanuro by'umushinga.
- Hindura utuzu two gukosora cyangwa ibindi bintu bihinduka mu ntera nto mu gihe ureba uko ibintu byose bigenda.
- Suzuma neza nyuma yo gukaza burundu, gushimangira ubushyuhe no gushyiraho ibice byegeranye.
Umusaruro mwiza ugaragazwa n'imiterere ya sisitemu. Aho hagaragara hato hashobora kuba hadahagije niba porogaramu isaba umuyoboro munini w'itumanaho, gukoresha ingufu zihamye cyangwa imikorere isubirwamo nyuma yo guteranya.
Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Uburyo bwo Guhuza
- Iris:nto, ihamye kandi ikwiriye igisubizo cyagenwe.
- Inkingi cyangwa vis:ihindurwa kandi ikaba ingirakamaro mu gutunganya ubushobozi bwo gukora.
- Imiterere n'impinduka:bikunze gukoreshwa iyo hakenewe impinduka mu buryo bwihuse kandi umuyoboro munini w'itumanaho uhagije.
- Imitwaro ihuye:guhagarika icyambu no gukurura imbaraga z'impanuka nta garuriro ridahagije.
- Udupira two gufunga:kunoza imiyoboro yatoranijwe mu gihe hari icyuho gito kidashobora kwirindwa.
Porogaramu
Guhuza impedance ya waveguide ni ingenzi mu ntera za radar, ibikoresho by'itumanaho rya satelite, antene feeds, sisitemu zo gupima mikoroonde, transmitters, receiver na test setups zikomeye. Ni ingenzi kandi mu mikorere ya adaptateurs, loads, switches, orthomode transducers n'izindiibice by'ubuyobozi bw'amajwi.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
VSWR iri hejuru muri sisitemu y'igenzura ry'amaza igaragaza iki?
VSWR iri hejuru igaragaza ko igice kinini cy'umuraba w'impanuka kirimo kugaragara. Impamvu ishobora kuba umutwaro ubwawo cyangwa kudakomeza nko kudakoresha adaptateri, probe, bend, flange gap cyangwa igice kitari mu murongo.
Ese screw yo gushushanya ishobora gutanga uburyo bwo guhuza umurongo wa interineti?
Ingufu yo gukosora ikosa ishobora gukosora neza ikibazo, ariko guhinduranya cyane bishobora kuba umugozi muto. Imikorere ya interineti isanzwe isaba ko habaho impinduka zose, aho uruziga ruherereye n'imiterere yarwo kugira ngo bifatanye.
Ni gute reflections kuri waveguide flange yagabanuka?
Koresha uduce duhuye, komeza isura isuku kandi igororotse, shyira neza imyobo y'aho ihurira kandi ukomeze neza ibifunga. Emeza ko iteranyirizwa rya nyuma ukoresheje uburyo bwo gusesengura umuyoboro.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'umutwaro w'umuraba n'icyuma gikingira umuvuduko?
Umutwaro uhagarika icyambu kandi ugatwara hafi ingufu zose zishoboka. Attenuator ni igikoresho gifite imiyoboro ibiri kigabanya urugero rw'ikimenyetso ku gipimo runaka mu gihe cyohereza ingufu zisigaye ku musaruro wacyo.
Kugira ngo ubone ubufasha bwo guhitamo adaptateri y'igenzura ry'amaza, imiterere y'umutwaro cyangwa ijyanye n'imiterere yihariye,hamagara RF MISOhamwe n'uruhererekane rw'ingufu, ingano y'umurongo w'ingufu, umurambararo w'ingufu, urwego rw'ingufu na VSWR y'intego.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 15-2024
