Ubuyobozi bwa Antena ni iki?
Igisubizo cyihuse:Ubwikorezi bwa antena busobanura uburyo antena yibanda cyane ku mbaraga zitangwa n'imirasire mu cyerekezo runaka ugereranije na radiator ikwiye ya isotropic. Radiator ya isotropic ifite ubuyobozi bwa 1, cyangwa 0 dBi.
Ubushobozi bwo kuyobora buhanitse butanga imiterere y'imirasire iciriritse kandi yibanda cyane, mu gihe imiterere y'ubuyobozi buke butanga ubwinshi bwagutse bw'inguni. Ubushobozi bwo kuyobora buterwa n'imiterere y'imiterere y'imirasire kandi ntibukubiyemo ibihombo bya antene.
Imiterere y'imirasire isanzwe ishobora kugaragazwa mu miyoboro y'uruziga nka:
Ishusho y'imirasire isanzwe
Formula yo kuyobora antena
Imiterere y'imirasire isanzwe ifite imiterere imwe n'iy'umwimerere, ariko agaciro kayo ntarengwa kangana na 1. Inzira ya antena, yanditswe nk'iyiD, igereranya ubukana ntarengwa bw'imirasire n'ubukana bw'imirasire mpuzandengo mu byerekezo byose.
Ingano y'ikigereranyo igaragaza imiterere yose ihuriweho ku gice cy'umubumbe. Kugabanya agaciro k'umubumbe n'iki kigereranyo cy'ahantu bigaragaza uburyo antene yibanda cyane ku ngufu mu cyerekezo cyayo cy'ingenzi.
Ubuyobozi ugereranije n'inyungu
Ubuyobozi busobanura gusa uburyo imirasire ikorwa cyane. Kubona antena kandi binagaragaza ubushobozi bw'imirasire, harimo n'ibihombo bituruka ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'ibihombo bya dielectric.
Isano niG = ηDahoGni inyungu,ηni ubushobozi bw'imirasire, kandiDni ubuyobozi. Antene idatakaza ifite inyungu ingana n'ubuyobozi bwayo; muri antene nyayo, inyungu iba iri hasi. Ingano zombi zikunze kugaragara muri dBi iyo zerekeza kuri radiator ya isotropic.
Urugero rwo Kubara Ubuyobozi
Urugero, tekereza ku bipimo bibiri bikurikira by'imiterere y'imirasire ya antene ebyiri.
Antena ya 1
Antena ya 2
Imiterere n'ubuyobozi bw'imirasire
Imiterere ikurikira iratandukanye bitewe n'inguni y'impandeθkandi bikekwa ko bigumana azimuth. Antena ya 1 ikwirakwiza imirasire yayo mu buryo bwagutse, mu gihe Antena ya 2 yibanda ku ngufu nyinshi mu cyerekezo cyayo nyamukuru.
Kubera ko umurabyo muto w’ingenzi ugaragaza imbaraga nyinshi zituruka ku mirasire, Antena ya 2 yitezweho kugira ubuyobozi bwo hejuru.
Ishusho ya 1. Kugereranya imiterere ibiri y'imirasire isanzwe. Imiterere yimbitse cyane ifite icyerekezo cyo hejuru.
Ibisubizo byo Kubara Ubuyobozi
Gukoresha ikigereranyo cy’icyerekezo ku ngero ebyiri z’ingero bitanga:
- Antena ya 1:D = 1.273, cyangwa 1.05 dBi
- Antena ya 2:D = 2.707, cyangwa 4.32 dBi
Antena ya 2 ifite icyerekezo cyo hejuru kuko imirasire yayo iba yibanda cyane ku cyerekezo cy’agasongero. Radiateri ya isotropic ikoreshwa nk'icyitegererezo cya 0 dBi nubwo ari icyitegererezo cyiza aho kuba antene ifatika ishobora gukoreshwa.
Porogaramu zo kugenzura hejuru ugereranyije n'iziciriritse
Antene zikoresha icyerekezo gitobitanga uburyo bwagutse bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru kandi ni ingirakamaro iyo ibimenyetso bishobora kuza bivuye mu byerekezo bitandukanye, nko mu bikoresho bigendanwa, radiyo z'imodoka, ndetse no mu buryo rusange bwo kugera kuri interineti.
Antene ziyobora cyaneShyira ingufu mu muyoboro muto. Bikundwa cyane mu guhuza satelite, radar, kureba kure, no gutumanaho hagati y’aho ushaka aho icyerekezo kizwi.
Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza urwego rw'ubuyobozi rugereranyijwe ku bwoko butandukanye bwa antene zisanzwe.
Indangagaciro zisanzwe z'ubuyobozi bwa antena
| Ubwoko bwa antena | Igipimo cy'ubuyobozi giteganijwe | Igenzura rigereranyijwe (dBi) |
|---|---|---|
| Dipole ngufi | 1.5 | 1.76 |
| Dipole y'igice cy'umuraba | 1.64 | 2.15 |
| Antene yo gupakira | 3.2-6.3 | 5-8 |
| Antene y'ihembe | 10-100 | 10-20 |
| Antene yo mu isahani | 10-10.000 | 10-40 |
Izi ndangagaciro ni urwego rwerekana. Icyerekezo nyacyo giterwa n'inshuro, ingano y'amashanyarazi, imiterere y'amashanyarazi, urumuri, n'imiterere y'imikorere.
Ni gute Ubuyobozi bwa Antena bupimwa?
Inzira ikoreshwa mu gupima ikunze kugaragazwa hakurikijwe imiterere y'imirasire yapimwe. Antene iri kugeragezwa igaragazwa hejuru ya azimuth na elegitoroniki, kandi amakuru y'ingufu cyangwa ingano yavuyemo arahinduka kugira ngo habeho imiterere y'ibice bitatu.
- Pima urwego rw'imirasire ugereranije n'urwego rw'inguni rukenewe.
- Menya ubukana ntarengwa bw'imirasire.
- Shyira imiterere y'imirasire ku nguni ikomeye kugira ngo ubone impuzandengo y'ahantu.
- Gabanya ubukana bw'umuvuduko w'impeshyi n'ubukana bw'impuzandengo hanyuma ugaragaze umusaruro nk'igipimo cyangwa muri dBi.
Igenzurwaisuzuma rya antenebifasha kugabanya kugaragara no gupima ibintu mu gihe cyo gusuzuma imiterere y'imirasire, ubwiyongere bw'imirasire, uburinganire, n'icyerekezo.
Uburyo Ingano ya Antena igira ingaruka ku buyobozi
Ingano y'amashanyarazi igira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y'imirasire. Antene ntoya ifite igice kimwe ikunze gutanga urumuri rugari n'icyerekezo gito. Kongera umwanya mwiza mu burebure bw'urumuri bituma antene cyangwa urutonde rukora urumuri rugufi kandi rukagera ku cyerekezo cyo hejuru.
- Icyerekezo cyo hasi:ingirakamaro mu gukwirakwiza ahantu hanini no mu bimenyetso bituruka mu byerekezo byinshi.
- Ubuyobozi bwo hejuru:ingirakamaro ku miyoboro y’amajwi, kunoza uburyo bwo guhitamo impande, no kwanga ibimenyetso biri hanze y’umuyoboro mukuru.
Icyerekezo ntigiterwa n'ingano y'ishusho gusa. Jometri, ikwirakwizwa ry'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, intera n'ibyiciro by'imirongo, urumuri rw'ahabona, hamwe n'inshuro z'imikorere byose bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'imirasire ya nyuma.
Umurabyo muto muri rusange uhuye n'icyerekezo cyo hejuru, ariko nanone ukeneye kwerekeza no guhuza neza. Ku bijyanye n'isano iri hagati y'icyerekezo, imikorere myiza, n'imikorere ifatika, rebaimikorere myiza n'inyungu ya antene.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Mu magambo yoroshye, ubuyobozi bwa antene ni iki?
Ni igipimo cy'uburyo antene ishyira imirasire mu cyerekezo kimwe ugereranije n'imirasire isanzwe mu byerekezo byose.
Ese ubuyobozi bwa antene ni kimwe no gukungahara?
Oya. Ubuyobozi busobanura ubwinshi bw'imiterere, mu gihe inyungu irimo no gukoresha neza imirasire. Isano yabo ni G = ηD.
Ubuyobozi bwa 0 dBi busobanura iki?
Ihuye na radiator nziza ya isotropic ifite igipimo cya 1 cy'ubuyobozi. Ni ikigereranyo gikoreshwa mu kugaragaza ubuyobozi muri dBi.
Ni gute ubuyobozi bwa antene bwakongerwa?
Uburyo bwo kuyobora bushobora kongerwa binyuze mu kongera uburyo amashanyarazi afunguka neza, hakoreshejwe reflectors cyangwa lenses, gukora arrays zifite amplitude na phase controlled, cyangwa guhitamo geometry itanga lumière y’ingenzi nto.
Ese ubuyobozi bwo hejuru buhora busobanura antene nziza?
Oya. Ubuyobozi bwo hejuru ni ingirakamaro iyo icyerekezo cy’aho uherereye kizwi, ariko uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru muri rusange bushobora kuba ingenzi cyane kuri porogaramu zigendanwa cyangwa izikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye. Guhitamo neza biterwa n’aho uhurira, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amakuru, imikorere myiza, n’ibisabwa mu gushyiraho amakuru.
Kugira ngo ubone ubufasha bwo guhitamo cyangwa kugerageza antene ya porogaramu yawe,hamagara RF MISOcyangwa imeriinfo@rf-miso.com.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-07-2023
